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| Social psychology | |
| 2>
A racist political campaign poster from the 1866 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election
One of the most important social psychological findings concerning race relations is that members of stereotyped groups internalize those stereotypes and thus suffer a wide range of harmful consequences. For example, in a phenomenon called stereotype threat, members of racial and ethnic groups that are stereotyped as scoring poorly on tests will perform poorer on those tests if they are reminded of this stereotype. The effect is so strong that even simply asking the test-taker to state her or his race before taking the test (such is by bubbling in "African American" on a multiple choice question) will significantly alter test performance. A specifically sociological contribution to this line of research has found that such negative stereotypes can be created on the spot: an experiment by Michael Lovaglia et al.(1998) demonstrated that left-handed people can be made to suffer stereotype threat if they are led to believe that they are a disadvantaged group for a particular kind of test [1]
[edit] Tags:Social,Political,Pennsylvania,Gubernatorial,Stereotype Threat,Left-handed, | |
| Audit studies | |
| 2>
Another important line of research on race takes the form of audit studies. The audit study approach creates an artificial pool of people among whom there are no average differences by race. For instance, groups of white and black auditors are matched on every category other than their race, and thoroughly trained to act in identical ways. Given nearly identical resumes, they are sent to interview for the same jobs. Simple comparisons of means can yield strong evidence regarding discrimination. The best known audit study in sociology is The Mark of a Criminal Record by Devah Pager. This study compares job prospects of black and white men who were recently released from jail. Its key finding is that blacks are significantly discriminated against when applying for service jobs. Moreover, whites with a criminal record have about the same prospect of getting an interview as blacks without one.[2]
[edit] Tags:Sociology,Audit, | |
| United Kingdom | |
| 2>
In the United Kingdom, foreign nationals were actively encouraged and sponsored to migrate in the 1950s after the dissolution of the Empire and the social devastation of the Second World War. The 1962 Commonwealth Immigrants Act changed the law so that only certain British Commonwealth members were able to migrate. This law was tightened again with the Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1968 and Immigration Act 1971. The Race Relations Act 1968 extended certain policies with respect to employment, housing, commercial and other services. This was extended again with the Race Relations Act 1976.
As with the UK establishments of media and cultural studies, 'ethnic relations' is often taught as a loosely-distinct discipline either within sociology departments or other schools of humanities.
Major British theorists include Paul Gilroy, Stuart Hall, Richard Jenkins, John Rex, Michael Banton and Tariq Modood.
[edit] Tags:United Kingdom,The Empire,Second World War,1962 Commonwealth Immigrants Act,British Commonwealth,Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1968,Immigration Act 1971,Race Relations Act 1968,Race Relations Act 1976,Media,Cultural Studies,Paul Gilroy,Stuart Hall,John Rex,Tariq Modood, | |
| See also | |
| 2>
Racism
Anti-racism
Multiculturalism
Assimilationism
Social cohesion
Sociology of immigration
Conflict theory
Black feminism
The Race of the Future
[edit] Tags:Conflict Theory,Racism,Assimilationism,Multiculturalism,Anti-racism,Social Cohesion,Sociology Of Immigration,Black Feminism, | |
| References | |
| 2>
^ Michael Lovaglia, JW Lucas, SR Thye. 1998. Status Processes and Mental Ability Test Scores. American Journal of Sociology.
^ Pager, Devah. 2003. "The Mark of a Criminal Record." American Journal of Sociology
Further Reading:
Banton, M. 1987. Racial Theories. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Jenkins, R. 2008. Rethinking Ethnicity. London: Sage (2nd edition).
Malesevic, S. 2004. The Sociology of Ethnicity. London: Sage.
Ellis, J. 2011. Culture and Ethnicity. USARiseUp Race Relations
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sociology_of_race_and_ethnic_relations&oldid=447797319"
Categories: SociologyMultiracial affairsHidden categories: Articles to be merged from October 2010All articles to be mergedSociology articles needing expert attentionArticles needing expert attention from November 2009All articles needing expert attentionArticles with limited geographic scope from October 2010Western culture-centric
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