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Roman Catholic Church
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Roman Catholic Church
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Roman Catholic Church
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Roman Catholic Church
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Roman Catholic Church Basic Informations:

Name
2> Further information: Roman Catholic (term) The term "Catholic", derived from the Greek word καθολικός (katholikos), which means "universal" or "general", was first used to describe the Church in the early 2nd century.[13] The term katholikos is equivalent to καθόλου (katholou), a contraction of the phrase καθ' ὅλου (kath' holou) meaning "according to the whole".[14] Thus the full name Catholic Church roughly means "universal" or "whole" church. The combination "the Catholic Church" (he katholike ekklesia) is found for the first time in the letter of St Ignatius, written about the year 110. The words run: "Wheresoever the bishop shall appear, there let the people be, even as where Jesus may be, there is the universal [katholike] Church."[15] Later, in the "Catechetical Discourses" of St. Cyril of Jerusalem we see the name "Catholic Church" to identify the church from various sects. St Cyril writes, "And if ever thou art sojourning in any city, inquire not simply where the Lord's house is--for the sects of the profane also attempt to call their own dens, houses of the Lord--nor merely where the church is, but where is the Catholic Church. For this is the peculiar name of the holy body the mother of us all."[15] Since the East-West Schism of 1054, the churches that remained in communion with the See of Rome (the diocese of Rome and its bishop, the Pope, the primal patriarch) continued to call itself "Catholic", while the Eastern churches that rejected the Pope's primal authority have generally been known as "Orthodox" or "Eastern Orthodox".[16] Following the Reformation in the 16th century, the Church continued to use the term "Catholic" to distinguish itself from the various Protestant denominations that split off.[16] The name "Catholic Church" is the most common designation used in official church documents (e.g., the Catechism of the Catholic Church).[17] It is also the term which Paul VI used when signing the 16 documents of the Second Vatican Council.[18] However, Church documents produced by both the Holy See[19] and by certain national episcopal conferences[20] occasionally refer to the Church by the name Roman Catholic Church. The Catechism of Pope Pius X published in 1908 also used the term "Roman" to distinguish the Catholic Church from other Christian communities who are not in full communion with Rome.[21] [edit]

Tags:See Of Rome,Pope,Holy See,Art,Christian,Edit,Roman Catholic (term),St Ignatius,St. Cyril Of Jerusalem,East-west Schism,Reformation,Protestant,Catechism Of The Catholic Church,Paul Vi,Episcopal Conferences,Rome,Full Communion,See,Patriarch,Eastern,Rites,

2> Catholic Church Major Sui Iuris Churches Listed by Rite (Liturgical Tradition) Western Tradition Latin Church Byzantine Tradition Melkite Church Ukrainian Catholic Church Ruthenian Catholic Church Romanian Catholic Church Italo-Albanian Catholic Church   Albanian Byzantine Catholic Church Belarusian Greek Catholic Church Bulgarian Greek Catholic Church Croatian Greek Catholic Church Greek Byzantine Catholic Church Hungarian Greek Catholic Church Macedonian Greek Catholic Church Russian Catholic Church Slovak Greek Antiochian or West Syrian Tradition Maronite Church Syriac Catholic Church Syro-Malankara Catholic Church Chaldean or East Syrian Tradition Chaldean Church Syro-Malabar Catholic Church Armenian Tradition Armenian Catholic Church Alexandrian Tradition Coptic Catholic Church Ethiopian Catholic Church Catholicism portal This box: view talk edit [edit]

Tags:Latin Church,Alexandrian,Catholicism Portal,Major ,Western,Byzantine,Melkite Church,Ukrainian Catholic Church,Ruthenian Catholic Church,Romanian Catholic Church,Albanian Byzantine Catholic Church,Belarusian Greek Catholic Church,Bulgarian Greek Catholic Church,Croatian Greek Catholic Church,Greek Byzantine Catholic Church,Hungarian Greek Catholic Church,Macedonian Greek Catholic Church,Russian Catholic Church,Antiochian Or West Syrian,Maronite Church,Syriac Catholic Church,Chaldean Or East Syrian,Chaldean Church,Armenian,Coptic Catholic Church,Ethiopian Catholic Church,Sui Iuris,
Papacy and Roman Curia
3> Main article: Catholic Church hierarchy The Church holds that Christ instituted the papacy, upon giving the keys of Heaven to Saint Peter. Represented in a painting by Pietro Perugino. The Church's hierarchy is headed by the Bishop of Rome, the pope, a position which makes him the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church (which is composed of the Latin Rite and the Eastern Catholic Churches in full communion with the see of Rome). The current office-holder is Pope Benedict XVI, who was elected in a papal conclave on 19 April 2005.[note 4] The office of the pope is known as the Papacy. His ecclesiastical jurisdiction is often called the "Holy See" (Sancta Sedes in Latin), or the "Apostolic See" (meaning the see of the Apostle Saint Peter).[22][23] Directly serving the Pope is the Roman Curia, the central governing body that administers the day-to-day business of the Catholic Church. The pope is also head of state of Vatican City State,[24] a sovereign city-state entirely enclaved within the city of Rome. Following the death or resignation of a pope,[note 5] members of the College of Cardinals who are under age 80 meet in the Sistine Chapel in Rome to elect a new pope.[26] The position of cardinal is a rank of honour bestowed by popes on certain ecclesiastics, such as leaders within the Roman Curia, bishops serving in major cities and distinguished theologians. Although this election, known as a papal conclave, can theoretically elect any male Catholic as pope, since 1389 only fellow cardinals have been elevated to that position.[27] For advice and assistance in governing, the Pope may turn to the College of Cardinals, the next highest level in the hierarchy.[28] --> [edit]

Tags:College Of Cardinals,Bishops,Saint Peter,Catholic Church Hierarchy,Pietro Perugino,Church's Hierarchy,Bishop Of Rome,Latin Rite,Eastern Catholic Churches,Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction,Apostolic See,Roman Curia,Head Of State,Vatican City State,City-state,Enclaved,Cardinal,Papal Conclave,
Autonomous particular churches
3> Main articles: Latin Church and Eastern Catholic Churches The Catholic Church is made up of 23 autonomous particular churches, each of which accepts the paramountcy of the Bishop of Rome on matters of doctrine.[29] These churches, also known by the Latin term sui iuris churches, are communities of Catholic Christians whose forms of worship reflect different historical and cultural influences rather than differences in doctrine. In general, each sui iuris church is headed by a patriarch or high ranking bishop,[30] and has a degree of self-governance over the particulars of its internal organisation, liturgical rites, liturgical calendar and other aspects of its spirituality. The largest of these is the Latin Church which reports over 1 billion followers. The Pope and Roman Curia is head of the Latin Church, which developed in Western Europe before spreading throughout the world. The Latin Church considered itself to be the oldest and largest branch of Western Christianity, a heritage of certain beliefs and customs shared by many Christian denominations that trace their originals to Protestant Reformation. Relatively small in terms of adherents compared to the Latin Church, but important to the overall structure of the Church, are the 22 self-governing Eastern Catholic Churches with a membership of 17.3 million as of 2010.[31] The Eastern Catholic Churches follow the traditions and spirituality of Eastern Christianity and are composed of Eastern Christians who have always remained in full communion with the Catholic Church or who have chosen to reenter full communion in the centuries following the East-West Schism and earlier divisions. Some Eastern Catholic Churches are governed by a patriarch who is elected by the synod of the bishops of that church,[32] others are headed by a major archbishop,[33] others are under a metropolitan,[34] and others consist of individual eparchies.[35] The Roman Curia has a specific department, the Congregation for the Oriental Churches, to maintain relations with them. Examples of Eastern Catholic Churches can be found in the side bar "Major Sui Iuris Churches". Part of a series on Christianity   Jesus · Christ Virgin birth · Crucifixion · Resurrection · Easter · Jesus in Christianity Foundations Apostles · Church · Creeds · Gospel · Kingdom · New Covenant Bible Old Testament · New Testament · Books · Canon (Christian canons) · Apocrypha Theology Apologetics · Baptism · Christology · Father · Son · Holy Spirit · History of theology · Salvation · Trinity History and traditions Timeline · Mary · Peter · Paul · Fathers · Early · Constantine the Great · Ecumenical councils · Missions · East–West Schism · Crusades · Protestant Reformation Denominations and movements Western Adventist · Anabaptist · Anglican · Baptist · Calvinism · Evangelicalism · Holiness · Independent Catholic · Lutheran · Methodist · Old Catholic · Protestant · Pentecostal · Roman Catholic Eastern Eastern Orthodox · Eastern Catholic · Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite) · Assyrian Nontrinitarian Jehovah's Witness · Latter Day Saint · Unitarian · Christadelphian · Oneness Pentecostal General topics Art · Criticism · Ecumenism · Liturgical year · Liturgy · Music · Other religions · Prayer · Sermon · Symbolism Christianity Portal This box: view talk edit [edit]

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Dioceses, parishes and religious orders
3> Individual countries, regions, or major cities are served by local particular churches known as dioceses or eparchies, each overseen by a Catholic bishop. Each diocese is united with one of the worldwide "sui iuris" particular churches, such as the Latin Church, or one of the many Eastern Catholic Churches. As of 2008, the Catholic Church (both East and West) comprised 2,795 dioceses.[36] The bishops in a particular country or region are often organised into an episcopal conference,[37] which aids in maintaining a uniform style of worship and co-ordination of social justice programmes within the areas served by member bishops. Dioceses are further divided into numerous individual communities called parishes, each staffed by one or more priests, deacons, and/or lay ecclesial ministers.[38] Parishes are responsible for the day to day celebration of the sacraments and pastoral care of the Catholic laity. Ordained Catholics, as well as members of the laity, may enter into consecrated life either on an individual basis, as a hermit or consecrated virgin, or by joining an institute of consecrated life (a religious institute or a secular institute) in which to take vows confirming their desire to follow the three evangelical counsels of chastity, poverty and obedience.[39] Examples of institutes of consecrated life are the Benedictines, the Carmelites, the Dominicans, the Franciscans, the Missionaries of Charity and the Sisters of Mercy.[39] [edit]

Tags:Sacraments,Charity,
Membership statistics
3> Further information: Catholicism by country Total church membership (both lay and clerical) in 2007 was 1.147 billion people,[40] increasing from the 1950 figure of 437 million[41] and the 1970 figure of 654 million.[42] On 31 December 2008, membership was 1.166 billion, an increase of 11.54% over the same date in 2000, only slightly greater than the rate of increase of the world population (10.77%). The increase was 33.02% in Africa, but only 1.17% in Europe. It was 15.91% in Asia, 11.39% in Oceania, and 10.93% in the Americas. As a result, Catholics were 17.77% of the total population in Africa, 63.10% in the Americas, 3.05% in Asia, 39.97% in Europe, 26.21% in Oceania, and 17.40% of the world population. Of the world's Catholics, the proportion living in Africa grew from 12.44% in 2000 to 14.84% in 2008, while those living in Europe fell from 26.81% to 24.31%.[43] Membership in the Catholic Church is attained through baptism or reception into the Church (for individuals previously baptised in non-Catholic Christian churches).[44] For some years until 2009, if someone formally left the Church, that fact was noted in the register of the person's baptism. At the end of 2007, Vatican records listed 408,024 Catholic priests in the world, 762 more than at the beginning of the year. The main growth areas have been Asia and Africa, with 21.1 per cent and 27.6 per cent growth respectively. In North and South America, numbers have remained approximately the same, while there was a 6.8 per cent decline in Europe and a 5.5 per cent decrease in Oceania from 2000 to 2007.[40] [edit]

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Worship and liturgy
2> Main article: Catholic liturgy Altar in St Mary's Church in Alexandria, Virginia. The altar is at the centre of Catholic worship because it is there that the "Holy Sacrifice of the Mass" takes place. Among the 23 autonomous (sui iuris) churches, numerous forms of worship and liturgical traditions exist, called "rites", which reflect historical and cultural diversity rather than differences in belief.[45] In the definition of the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches, "a rite is the liturgical, theological, spiritual and disciplinary patrimony, culture and circumstances of history of a distinct people, by which its own manner of living the faith is manifested in each Church sui iuris",[46] but the term is often limited to liturgical patrimony. The most commonly used liturgy is the Roman Rite, but even in the Latin Catholic Church a few other rites are in use, and the Eastern Catholic Churches have distinct rites. [edit]

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Celebration of the Eucharist
3> In all rites the Mass, or Divine Liturgy, is the centre of Catholic worship. The Catholic Church teaches that at each Mass the bread and wine are supernaturally transubstantiated into the body and blood of Christ by the words of consecration spoken by the priest.[47] The words of consecration are drawn from the three synoptic Gospels and a Pauline letter.[48] The Church teaches that Christ established a New Covenant with humanity through the institution of the Eucharist at the Last Supper, as described in these biblical verses. Hoc est enim corpus meum... “ ”  — Roman Missal, during the words of consecration (Latin). [49] Because the Church teaches that Christ is present in the Eucharist,[50] there are strict rules about who may confect and who may receive the Eucharist. The sacrament can only be celebrated by an ordained Catholic priest or bishop. Those who are conscious of being in a state of mortal sin are forbidden from receiving the sacrament until they have received absolution through the sacrament of Reconciliation (Penance).[51] Catholics are normally obliged to abstain from eating for at least an hour before receiving the sacrament.[51] Catholics are not permitted to receive the Eucharist as celebrated in Protestant churches, which in the view of the Catholic Church lack the sacrament of Holy Orders, and thus also lack a valid Eucharist.[52] Likewise, Protestants are not normally permitted to receive communion in the Catholic Church. This is because unity with the Catholic faith is seen as necessary before one can partake of the Church's sacraments. In relation to the churches of Eastern Christianity not in communion with the Holy See, the Catholic Church is less restrictive, declaring that "a certain communion in sacris, and so in the Eucharist, given suitable circumstances and the approval of Church authority, is not merely possible but is encouraged."[53] [edit]

Tags:Eucharist,Transubstantiated,Body And Blood Of Christ,
Western liturgical rites
3> Catholic Church Structure of the Roman Rite of Mass The Roman Missal and Communion Chalice A. The Introductory Rites The Entrance Greeting of the Altar The Act of Penitence The Kyrie Eleison The Gloria The Collect B. The Liturgy of the Word Silence The Biblical Readings The Responsorial Psalm The Homily The Profession of Faith The Prayer of the Faithful C. The Liturgy of the Eucharist See also: Eucharist in the Catholic Church The Preparation of the Gifts The Prayer over the Offerings The Eucharistic Prayer The Communion Rite: The Lord’s Prayer The Rite of Peace The Fraction Reception of Communion D. The Concluding Rites Source: General Instruction of the Roman Missal[54] Catholicism Portal v d e Tridentine Mass in a chapel of the Cathedral of the Holy Cross, Boston in April 2009. This ancient form of the Roman Rite dates back to 1570; most elements are centuries older The Roman Rite is the most common rite of worship used by the Catholic Church. Its use is found worldwide, spread by missionary activity originating in Western European nations throughout Christian history.[55] Two forms of the Roman Rite are authorised at present: that of the post-1969 editions of the Roman Missal (Mass of Paul VI), which is now the ordinary form of the rite and is celebrated mostly in the vernacular, i.e., the language

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