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| History | |
| 2>
Egyptian hieroglyph
wj
Phoenician
qoph
Etruscan Q
Greek
Qoppa
The Semitic sound value of Qôp (perhaps originally qaw, "cord of wool", and possibly based on an Egyptian hieroglyph) was /q/ (voiceless uvular plosive), a sound common to Semitic languages, but not found in English or most Indo-European ones. In Greek, this sign as Qoppa Ϙ probably came to represent several labialized velar plosives, among them /kʷ/ and /kʷʰ/. As a result of later sound shifts, these sounds in Greek changed to /p/ and /pʰ/ respectively. Therefore, Qoppa was transformed into two letters: Qoppa, which stood for a number only, and Phi Φ which stood for the aspirated sound /pʰ/ that came to be pronounced /f/ in Modern Greek.
In the earliest Latin inscriptions, the letters C, K and Q were all used to represent the sounds /k/ and /g/ (which were not differentiated in writing). Of these, Q was used to represent /k/ or /g/ before a rounded vowel (e.g. "EQO" = ego), K before /a/, and C elsewhere. Later, the use of C (and its variant G) replaced most usages of K and Q: Q survived only to represent /k/ when immediately followed by a /w/ sound.[2]
The Etruscans used Q in conjunction with V to represent /kʷ/
[edit] Tags:Ee,Ff,Ll,Mm,Oo,Ss,Tt,/,Letter,Semitic,Voiceless Uvular Plosive,Greek,Labialized Velar,Phi, | |
| Usage | |
| 2>
In most modern western languages written in Latin script, such as in Romance and Germanic languages, ⟨q⟩ appears almost exclusively in the digraph ⟨qu⟩ (e.g. quick, quit, quack), though see Q without U.
In English this digraph most often denotes the cluster /kw/, except in borrowings from French where it represents /k/ as in plaque. Q is the second most rarely used letter in the English alphabet. In script written English, the capital Q is very close in appearance to a 2, and many people use the print Q instead.
In Italian ⟨qu⟩ represents /kw/ (where /w/ is the semivowel allophone of /u/)
In Spanish, French, Occitan, Catalan and Portuguese, ⟨qu⟩ represents /k/ or /kw/; ⟨qu⟩ replaces ⟨c⟩ for /k/ before front vowels ⟨i⟩ and ⟨e⟩, since in those languages 'c' represents a fricative or affricate before front vowels.
A comparison of q and g.
In Chinese Hanyu Pinyin, ⟨q⟩ is used to represent the sound [tɕʰ], which is close to English ⟨ch⟩ in "cheese", but pronounced further toward the front of the mouth.
In Fijian, ⟨q⟩ represents the prenasalized voiced velar plosive [ŋɡ].
In Greenlandic, ⟨q⟩ represents the voiceless uvular plosive [q].
In Azeri, ⟨q⟩ represents the voiced velar plosive [ɡ].
In Uyghur (Latin script), ⟨q⟩ represents the voiceless uvular plosive [q].
In Xhosa and Zulu, ⟨q⟩ represents the postalveolar click [kǃ].
In Kiowa, ⟨q⟩ represents a glottalized velar plosive [kʼ].
In Võro and Maltese, ⟨q⟩ represents the glottal stop [ʔ].
The lowercase Q is usually seen as a lowercase O with a descender (i.e., downward vertical tail) extending from the right side of the bowl, with or without a swash (i.e., flourish), even a reversed lowercase p. The lowercase Q's descender is usually typed without a swash due to the major style difference typically seen between the descenders of the lowercase G (a loop) and lowercase Q (vertical). The descender of the lowercase Q is sometimes handwritten finishing with a rightward swash to distinguish from the leftward facing curved descender on the lowercase G.
[edit] Tags:Cc,Rr,Romance,Semivowel,Spanish,French,Occitan,Catalan,⟨c⟩,⟨i⟩,⟨e⟩,Chinese,Prenasalized,Voiced Velar Plosive,Uyghur,Xhosa,Postalveolar Click,Võro, | |
| Related letters and other similar characters | |
| 2>
Q̵ q̵ : Latin letter Q with stroke
ʠ : Latin letter Q with hook
Ɋ ɋ : Latin letter Q with hook tail
Ԛ ԛ : Cyrillic letter Qa
Ќ, ќ : Cyrillic letter Kje
Қ қ : Cyrillic letter Ka with descender
[edit] Tags:Cyrillic Letter Ka With Descender, | |
| Computing codes | |
| 2>
character
Q
q
Unicode name
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Q
LATIN SMALL LETTER Q
character encoding
decimal
hex
decimal
hex
Unicode
81
0051
113
0071
UTF-8
81
51
113
71
Numeric character reference
Q
Q
q
q
ASCII 1
81
51
113
71
EBCDIC family
216
D8
152
98
1 and all encodings based on ASCII, including the DOS, Windows, ISO-8859 and Macintosh families of encodings.
[edit] Tags:Ii,Unicode,Utf-8,Ascii,Ebcdic, | |
| Other representations | |
| 2>
NATO phonetic
Morse code
Quebec
– – · –
Signal flag
Flag semaphore
Braille
[edit] Tags:Nato Phonetic, | |
| References | |
| 2>
^ "Q" Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition (1989); Merriam-Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged (1993); "que," op. cit.
^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995). New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin (illustrated ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 21. ISBN 0195083458. http://books.google.com/books?id=IeHmqKY2BqoC.
[edit] Tags: | |
| External links | |
| 2>
Media related to Q at Wikimedia Commons
The Wiktionary entry for Q
The Wiktionary entry for q
The ISO basic Latin alphabet
v
d
e
Aa
Bb
Cc
Dd
Ee
Ff
Gg
Hh
Ii
Jj
Kk
Ll
Mm
Nn
Oo
Pp
Qq
Rr
Ss
Tt
Uu
Vv
Ww
Xx
Yy
Zz
Letter Q with diacritics
Ɋɋ
Ƣƣ
ʠ
Related
History
Palaeography
Derivations
Diacritics
Punctuation
Numerals
Unicode
List of letters
ISO/IEC 646
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Q&oldid=474244266"
Categories: ISO basic Latin lettersHidden categories: Articles needing additional references from January 2010All articles needing additional referencesWikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages
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Tags:Latin Alphabet,Aa,Bb,Gg,Hh,Jj,Kk,Nn,Uu,Vv,Ww,Xx,Yy, | |
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