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| History | |
| 2>
Language surveys in Guangxi during the 1950s noted a lect of Chinese different from those in Guangdong that was previously considered by default as a subdivision of Yue, or Cantonese. Pinghua was designated as a separate dialect from Cantonese by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in the 1980s [2] and since then has been treated as a separate dialect in textbooks and surveys. Pinghua is not at present noted in Ethnologue.
Since designation as a separate dialect there has been increased research into Pinghua. In 2008 a report by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences of research into Chinese dialects noted an increase in research papers and surveys of Pinghua, from 7 before the publication of the revised Chinese dialect map in 1987, and about 156 between then and 2004.[3]
In the 1980s the number of speakers was listed as over 2 million.[4]
[edit] Tags:Chinese,Chinese Academy Of Social Sciences,Yue,Cantonese,Guangxi,Chinese Dialects, | |
| Phonology | |
| 2>
Pinghua makes use of a voiceless el [ɬ],[5] for example in the numbers /ɬam/ "three" and /ɬi/ "four". This is unlike Cantonese but like some other Yue dialects such as Taishanese.
[edit] Tags:ɬ,Taishanese,Taishan, | |
| Tones | |
| 3>
Pinghua has 6 phonemic tones, reportedly reduced to 4 entering tones before stop consonants, and as with all Chinese dialects there is regional variation of pitch in these tones. The table below shows the tones for Nanning Pinghua.[6]
Tone name
平
上
去
入
陰
高
52 or ˥˨
33 or ˧˧
55 or ˥˥
5 or ˥
低
3 or ˧
陽
高
21 or ˨˩
24 or ˨˦
22 or ˨˨
23 or ˨˧
低
2 or ˨
However, Lee (1993)[7] concludes that the alleged split in 陰入 is a changed tone analogous to the diminutive in Cantonese, and that only 陽入 has a historical split. It depends on whether the initial consonant is a sonorant or obstruent, as in yang-tone splits in other Chinese dialects.
[edit] Tags:Entering Tones,Tone Name,Changed Tone,Min,Historical,Nanning, | |
| Anthropological | |
| 2>
Genetically speaking Pinghua speakers have more in common with non-Han ethnic minorities in southern China than with other Han groups.[1]
[edit] Tags:China, | |
| References | |
| 2>
^ a b Pinghua population as an exception of Han Chinese's coherent genetic structure http://www.springerlink.com/content/e803426681664g43/
^ 现代汉语 "Modern Chinese" ISBN 7-04-002652-X page 15
^ cass report by 王宏宇 in Chinese April 2008 http://www.cass.net.cn/file/20080415120275.html
^ 现代汉语 "Modern Chinese" ISBN 7-04-002652-X page 21
^ http://www.glossika.com/en/dict/vocab/numbers.htm#pinghua
^ 南寧平話詞典 Nanning Pinghua Dictionary ISBN 7-5343-3119-6 page 6
^ Gina Lee, 1993. Comparative, diachronic and experimental perspectives on the interaction between tone and the vowel in Standard Cantonese
[edit] Tags:Isbn 7-04-002652-x,Isbn 7-5343-3119-6, | |
| External links | |
| 2>
Classification of Pinghua Dialects
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Chinese language(s)
Major
subdivisions
Mandarin
Northeastern
Ji-Lu
Jiao-Liao
Zhongyuan
Southwestern
Lan-Yin
Lower Yangtze
Beijing
Dungan
Xuzhou
Luoyang
Tianjin
Jinan
Karamay
Nanking
Sichuanese
Kunming
Shenyang
Harbin
Qingdao
Guanzhong
Dalian
Weihai
Taiwanese Mandarin
Filipino-Mandarin
Malaysian Mandarin
Singaporean Mandarin
Chuan-pu
Wu
Taihu
Shanghainese
Suzhou
Hangzhou
Ningbo
Changzhou
Wuxi
Jiangyin
Qihai
Jinxiang
Chuqu
Quzhou
Jiangshan
Qingtian
Huizhou
Wenzhou
Taizhou Wu
Taizhou
Wuzhou
Xuanzhou
Yue
Yuehai
Cantonese
Tanka
Gao-Yang
Siyi
Taishan
Goulou
Wu-Hua
Yong-Xun
Luo-Guang
Qin-Lian
Haihua
Min
Min Nan
Qiong Wen
Leizhou
Zhanjiang
Hokkien
Amoy
Quanzhou
Zhangzhou
Taiwanese
Lan-nang
Singaporean Hokkien
Southern Malaysian Hokkien
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Shantou
Haifeng
Zhenan
Longyan
Nanlang
Zhongshan
Sanxiang
Min Dong
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other Min
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Jian'ou
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Xiang
Changsha
Shuangfeng
Hakka
Dapeng
Yuantang
Gan
Chang-Jing
Ying-Yi
Yi-Liu
Da-Tong
Disputed
Huizhou
Jin
Pinghua
Hohhot
Danzhou
Minjiang
Unclassified
Shaozhou Tuhua
Standardized forms
(Ausbausprache)
Mandarin
Cantonese
Taiwanese
Phonology
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Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pinghua&oldid=468717156"
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