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| Life | |
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Bembo was born in Venice to an aristocratic family. His father was an ambassador for the Venetian state, and while still a boy Pietro was able to accompany him on many of his travels; one of the places he visited was Florence, there acquiring a love for the Tuscan form of Italian, a love which was to prove so important in literary and musical history. He studied Greek for two years under the Greek scholar Lascaris at Messina, and afterwards went to the University of Padua. Further travels included two years (1497–1499) spent at the Este court in Ferrara, under the reign of Ercole d'Este I then a significant literary and musical center. While there he met Ariosto and commenced writing his first work, Gli Asolani, a dialogue on the subject of courtly love. The poems in this book were reminiscent of Boccaccio and Petrarch, and were widely set to music in the 16th century. Bembo himself preferred his poetry to be performed by a female singer accompanied by a lute, a wish which was granted to him when he met Isabella d'Este in 1505 and sent her a copy of his book.[4]
Miniature portrait of Bembo in the mid-1530s by Lucas Cranach the Younger
In 1502 and 1503 he was again in Ferrara, and had a love affair with the notorious Lucrezia Borgia, who was the wife of Alfonso d'Este. He left around the time of Josquin des Prez's hire by Ercole I d'Este as composer to the chapel, and in time to avoid the plague which decimated the city in 1505, claiming the life of renowned composer Jacob Obrecht.
Between 1506 and 1512 he lived in Urbino, and it was here that Bembo began to write his most influential work, a prose treatise on writing poetry in Italian, Prose della volgar lingua, although it was not to be published until much later. In 1513 Bembo accompanied Giulio de' Medici to Rome, where he was soon after appointed secretary to Leo X. On the pontiff's death in 1521 he retired, with impaired health, to Padua, and there lived for a number of years, during which he continued to write, and in 1525 finally published his famous Prose della volgar lingua. In 1529 he accepted the office of historiographer to Venice, his native city, and shortly afterwards was appointed librarian of St Mark's.
Pope Paul III in 1539 made him a cardinal, and Bembo went back to Rome. While there he continued to write and revise his earlier work, in addition to studying theology and classical history; he received as reward the bishoprics of Gubbio and Bergamo. He died in Rome in his 77th year.
Tags:Venice,Rome,Italian,Cardinal,Petrarch,Venetian State,Florence,Tuscan,Greek,Lascaris,Messina,University Of Padua,Ferrara,Ercole D'este I,Ariosto,Gli Asolani,Boccaccio,Lute,Isabella D'este,Lucas Cranach The Younger,Lucrezia Borgia,Alfonso D'este,Josquin Des Prez,Ercole I D'este,Jacob Obrecht,Urbino,Giulio De' Medici,Leo X,Padua,Historiographer,St Mark's,Pope Paul Iii,Gubbio,Bergamo,Bembo, | |
| Works and influence | |
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As a writer, Bembo attempted to restore some of the legendary "affect" that ancient Greek had on its hearers, but in Tuscan Italian instead. He held as his model, and as the highest example of poetic expression ever achieved in Italian, the work of Petrarch and Boccaccio, two 14th century writers he assisted in bringing back into fashion.
In the Prose della volgar lingua, he set Petrarch up as the perfect model, and discussed verse composition in detail, including rhyme, stress, the sounds of words, balance and variety. In Bembo's theory, the specific placement of words in a poem, with strict attention to their consonants and vowels, their rhythm, their position within lines long and short, could produce emotions ranging from sweetness and grace to gravity and grief in a listener.[5] This work was of decisive importance in the development of the Italian madrigal, the most famous secular musical form of the 16th century, as it was these poems, carefully constructed (or, in the case of Petrarch, analyzed) according to Bembo's ideas, that were to be the primary texts for the music.[6]
Other works by Bembo include a History of Venice from 1487 to 1513 (published in 1551), as well as dialogues, poems and essays. His early Gli Asolani explains and recommends Platonic affection, somewhat ironically considering his affair with Lucrezia Borgia, married at the time to his employer.[7] His edition of Petrarch's Italian Poems, published by Aldus in 1501, and the Terzerime, which Aldus published in 1502, were also influential. Printer and composer Andrea Antico, active in Rome, was also influenced by Bembo; the early composers of the Venetian School, such as Adrian Willaert, helped to spread his theories among composers during that period of quick change. Willaert's collection of madrigals, Musica nova, show a close connection with Bembo's ideas.[6]
The typeface Bembo is named after him.
Tags:Madrigal,Ancient Greek,Platonic Affection,Aldus,Andrea Antico,Venetian School,Adrian Willaert, | |
| Bibliography | |
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Raffini, Christine, "Marsilio Ficino, Pietro Bembo, Baldassare Castiglione: Philosophical, Aesthetic, and Political Approaches in Renaissance Platonism", 1998. ISBN 0-8204-3023-4
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| References | |
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Atlas, Allan W., ed. Renaissance music: music in western Europe, 1400-1600. NY: Norton, 1998. ISBN 0-393-97169-4
James Haar, "Pietro Bembo." Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (Accessed December 30, 2007), (subscription access)
James Haar, Anthony Newcomb, Massimo Ossi, Glenn Watkins, Nigel Fortune, Joseph Kerman, Jerome Roche: "Madrigal", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (Accessed December 30, 2007), (subscription access)
This entry incorporates public domain text originally from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica.
The character Pietro Cardinal Bembo also features prominently in Baldassare Castiglione's work The Book of the Courtier where he speaks about the nature of "Platonic" love.
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| Notes | |
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^ Haar, Grove online (2001)
^ Encyclopædia Britannica
^ Grove online
^ Haas, Grove online
^ Atlas, p. 433
^ a b Haar, Grove online
^ Encyclopædia Britannica, "Pietro Bembo." 1911.
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| External links | |
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Pietro Bembo: Historia Veneta, Venice 1551; facsimile, CAMENA Project
Bembo, Pietro: Carmina, in: Carmina Quinque Illustrium Poetarum Bergamo 1753; facsimile, CAMENA Project
Persondata
Name
Bembo, Pietro
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth
20 May 1470
Place of birth
Venice, Republic of Venice1
Date of death
18 January 1547
Place of death
Rome, Papal States
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pietro_Bembo&oldid=464783289"
Categories: Italian cardinalsItalian Roman CatholicsItalian historiansItalian poetsItalian essayistsPeople from Venice (city)1470 births1547 deathsBurials at the Basilica of Saint Anthony of PaduaHidden categories: Persondata templates without short description parameter
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