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| Historical | |
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Early written symbols were based on pictographs (pictures which resemble what they signify) and ideograms (symbols which represent ideas). Ancient Chinese, Sumerian, and Egyptian civilizations began to use such symbols over 5000 years ago, developing them into logographic writing systems around the third millennium BCE. Pictographs are still in use as the main medium of written communication in some non-literate cultures in Africa, The Americas, and Oceania. Pictographs are often used as simple, pictorial, representational symbols by most contemporary cultures.
Ojibwa pictographs on cliff-face at Agawa Rock, Lake Superior Provincial Park
Pictographs can often transcend languages in that they can communicate to speakers of a number of tongues and language families equally effectively, even if the languages and cultures are completely different. This is why road signs and similar pictographic material are often applied as global standards expected to be understood by nearly all.
Pictographs can also take the form of diagrams to represent statistical data by pictorial forms, and can be varied in color, size, or number to indicate change.
Pictographs can be considered an art form, and are designated as such in Pre-Columbian art, Native American art, and Painting in the Americas before Colonization. One example of many is the Rock art of the Chumash people, part of the Native American history of California. In 2011, UNESCO World Heritage adds to its list a new site "Petroglyphs Complexes of the Mongolian Altai, Mongolia"[2] to celebrate the importance of the pictograms engraved in rocks.
Some scientists in the field of neuropsychiatry and neuropsychology, such as Prof. Dr. Mario Christian Meyer, are studying the symbolic meaning of indigenous pictograms and petroglyphs,[3] aiming to create new ways of communication between native people and modern scientists to safeguard and valorize their cultural diversity.[4]
[edit] Tags:Writing Systems,History,Ideogram,Writing,Symbols,Ideograms,5000 Years Ago,Logographic Writing Systems,Third Millennium Bce,Africa,Americas,Oceania,Ojibwa,Lake Superior Provincial Park,Pre-columbian Art,Native American Art,Painting In The Americas Before Colonization,Rock Art Of The Chumash People,Native American History Of California,Petroglyphs,Signs,Native American,Petroglyph,Rock Art,Writing System,Logographic, | |
| Modern use | |
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Pictographs remain in common use today, serving as pictorial, representational signs, instructions, or statistical diagrams. Because of their graphical nature and fairly realistic style, they are widely used to indicate public toilets, or places such as airports and train stations.
A standard set of pictographs was defined in the international standard ISO 7001: Public Information Symbols. Another common set of pictographs are the laundry symbols used on clothing tags and chemical hazard labels.
Pictographic writing as a modernist poetic technique is credited to Ezra Pound, though French surrealists accurately credit the Pacific Northwest American Indians of Alaska who introduced writing, via totem poles, to North America.[5]
Contemporary artist Xu Bing created Book from the Ground, a universal language made up of pictograms collected from around the world. A Book from the Ground chat program has been exhibited in museums and galleries internationally.
Native American Pictographs from the Great Gallery, Horseshoe Canyon, Canyonlands National Park
Sample National Park Service pictographs
Pictograph from 1510 telling a story of coming of missionaries to Hispaniola
Water, rabbit, deer pictographs on a replica of an Aztec Stone of the Sun
British Rail passenger safety pictographs at the end of the platform at Meols railway station
A pictograph warning against swimming because of crocodiles at the Australia Zoo.
"No Dogs!" sign in Spain. The dog illustration is a pictograph. The red circle and bar is an ideogram representing the idea of "no" or "not allowed."
Push Sign for doors. Bowed door to the right shows force of door being pushed.
Pull Sign for doors. Bowed door to the left shows force of door being pulled.
The top traffic sign warns people of horses and riders.
A Recycling symbol.
[edit] Tags:International Standard,Iso 7001,Laundry Symbols,Chemical Hazard Labels,Ezra Pound,Surrealists,Pacific Northwest,American Indians,Alaska,Totem Poles,North America,Horseshoe Canyon,Canyonlands National Park,National Park Service,Missionaries,Hispaniola,Aztec,Stone Of The Sun,British Rail,Meols Railway Station,Australia Zoo,Recycling Symbol, | |
| See also | |
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Look up pictogram in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Asemic writing
Chinese character
Chumash Rock Art
Crop art
DOT pictograms
Emoticon
Icon (computing)
iConji (social networking)
Ideogram
Pecked curvilinear nucleated
Petroforms
Petroglyph
Rebus
Rock Art
Writing system
Yakima Indian Painted Rocks
Pictorial push pull signs for doors
[edit] Tags:Asemic Writing,Chinese Character,Chumash Rock Art,Crop Art,Emoticon,Icon (computing),Iconji,Pecked Curvilinear Nucleated,Petroforms,Rebus,Yakima Indian Painted Rocks,Pictorial Push Pull Signs For Doors, | |
| Notes | |
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^ Gove, Philip Babcock. (1993). Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language Unabridged. Merriam-Webster Inc. ISBN 0-87779-201-1.
^ http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1382
^ http://unesdoc.UNESCO.org/images/0006/000678/067843F.pdf
^ http://www.pisad.bio.br/artigos/amazonupclose_outoftheforest.pdf
^ Reed 2003, p. xix
[edit] Tags:Isbn 0-87779-201-1, | |
| References | |
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Reed, Ishmael (2003). From Totems to Hip-Hop: A Multicultural Anthology of Poetry Across the Americas, 1900-2002, Ishmael Reed, ed. ISBN 1-56025-458-0.
[edit] Tags:Reed, Ishmael,Isbn 1-56025-458-0, | |
| External links | |
| 2>
Pictogram & Communication: About 1,500 practial pictograms based on Design principles of pictorial symbols for communication support(JIS T 0103:2005)
CAPL:The Culturally Authentic Pictorial Lexicon, photographic illustrations of objects for multiple languages
Pictogram Encyclopedia, The collection site of more than 500 pictograms, Pictograms are categorized, and easy to find unique pictogram
Pictopen - Modern Pictographic Writing
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Categories: InfographicsPrehistoric inscriptionsSymbolsRock artPetroglyphsPre-Columbian artNative American artIndigenous artHistory of communicationProto-writingHidden categories: Articles needing additional references from November 2006All articles needing additional references
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