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| History | |
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Traditional packaging of Panettone
In the early 20th century, two enterprising Milanese bakers began to produce panettone in large quantities in the rest of Italy. In 1919, Angelo Motta started producing his eponymous brand of cakes. It was also Motta who revolutionised the traditional panettone by giving it its tall domed shape by making the dough rise three times, or almost 20 hours, before cooking, giving it its now-familiar light texture. The recipe was adapted shortly after by another baker, Gioacchino Alemagna, around 1925, who also gave his name to a popular brand that still exists today. The stiff competition between the two that then ensued led to industrial production of the cake-like bread. Nestlé took over the brands together in the late 1990s, but Bauli,[4] an Italian bakery company based in Verona, has acquired Motta and Alemagna from Nestlé.[5]
As a result of the fierce competition, by the end of World War II, panettone was cheap enough for anyone and soon became the country's leading Christmas sweet. Northern Italian immigrants to Argentina and Brazil also brought their love of panettone, and panettone is enjoyed for Christmas with hot cocoa or liquor during the holiday season, which became a mainstream tradition in those countries. In some places, it replaces the King cake.
In Argentina, Brazil, Chile (see: Pan de Pascua), Ecuador, Venezuela, Bolivia, and Peru (known in Spanish as "Panetón" or "Pan Dulce"). Peru's Antonio D'Onofrio, son of immigrants hailing from Caserta, Italy, spawned his own brand using the Alemagna formula, which he licensed along with the packaging style. This brand is now also owned by Nestlé and exported throughout Latin America. In recent years, Brazilian Panettone have increased in quality and in popularity due to their low cost and abundance.
Although panettone is quintessentially Milanese, it is more popular today in central and southern Italy, which accounts for 55% of sales, than in the Milan region in the north, with 45% of sales. Italian bakers produce some 117 million panettone and pandoro cakes every Christmas — worth 579 million euros.[6]
[edit] Tags:Milan,Milanese,Christmas,Italy,Brazil,Peru,Latin America,Argentina,Chile,King Cake,Pandoro,Nestlé,Verona,Immigrants,Hot Cocoa,Pan De Pascua,Ecuador,Venezuela,Bolivia,Caserta, | |
| Origins | |
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In Italy and France, the panettone comes with an often varied history, but one that invariably states that its birthplace is in Milan. The word "panettone" derives from the Italian word "panetto", a small loaf bread. The augmentative Italian suffix "-one" (pronounced "o-neh") changes the meaning to "large bread".
The origins of this cake appear to be ancient, dating back to the Roman Empire, when ancient Romans sweetened a type of leavened bread with honey. Throughout the ages this "tall, leavened fruitcake" makes cameo appearances in the arts: It is shown in a sixteenth-century painting by Pieter Brueghel the Elder and is possibly mentioned in a contemporary recipe book written by Bartolomeo Scappi, personal chef to popes and emperors during the time of Charles V. The first recorded association of Panettone with Christmas can be found in the writings of 18th century illuminist Pietro Verri. He refers to it as "Pane di Tono" (luxury bread).
[edit] Tags:Roman Empire,Leavened,Honey,Pieter Brueghel The Elder,Bartolomeo Scappi,Popes,Emperors,Illuminist,Pietro Verri, | |
| Legends | |
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2007)
Though the etymology of the word 'panettone' is rather mundane, three more complex and fanciful folk etymologies have arisen.[7] It is also thought that one of the ecclesiastical brothers, Fr. Antonio, who always wore the proper hat, was fond of this Pane. The ecclesiastical hat Pane Tone was later adopted as the shape, which gave rise to Panettone. This derivation received credence and acceptability at the turn of the century, and is likely to be the foreunner of the more recent Christmas cake. Gianrian Carli in "Il Caffe" makes passing reference to Panettone in 1850 in discussion with Pietro Verri and alludes to a clerical hat. Prof. S Reynders. Dipartimento di Scienze del Linguaggio, Università Ca'Foscari(1987)
One suggests that the word derives from the Milanese, "pan del ton," meaning "bread of luxury."
Another states that a 15th-century legend from Milan gives the invention to the nobleman falconer Ughetto Atellani, who loved Adalgisa, the daughter of a poor baker named Toni. To help her, the nobleman disguised himself as a baker and invented a rich bread to which he added flour and yeast, butter, eggs, dried raisins, and candied lemon and orange peel.
The duke of Milan, Ludovico il Moro Sforza (1452–1508), agreed to the marriage, which was held in the presence of Leonardo da Vinci, and encouraged the launch of the new cake-like bread: Pan de Toni (or Toni's bread).
Another legend credits the cake's being invented in the court of the Sforzas, but with the following story:
It was Christmas and the court cook had no dessert to offer. So the guests were given a sweet bread baked by a mere kitchen boy, called Toni, which won general praise. Rather than steal the praise for himself, the cook congratulated his assistant and named it after him.
The third, says that the invention was the work of sister Ughetta, which in Milanese means raisins.
[edit] Tags:Asti,Reliable Sources,Challenged,Falconer,Ludovico Il Moro Sforza,Leonardo Da Vinci,Sforzas, | |
| See also | |
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Italy portal
Food portal
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Panettone
Babka - similar Eastern European holiday sweet bread
Bolo Rei
Cozonac
Colomba Pasquale, a traditional Italian Easter bread (Easter Dove).
King cake
Pandoro, a similar Italian Christmas bread
Pan de Pascua, a similar Chilean Christmas bread
Kulich
Stollen
[edit] Tags:Italy Portal,Babka,Bolo Rei,Cozonac,Colomba Pasquale,Easter,Easter Dove,Kulich,Stollen, | |
| References | |
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^ http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/panettone. Retrieved 11 November 2011
^ Cherubini, Francesco (1841) Vocabolario milanese-italiano, Vol. 3, p. 164.
^ "EU agricultural product quality policy". http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/qual/en/pgi_06en.htm. Retrieved 2008-12-06.
^ http://www.bauli.it/en/
^ http://www.foodbev.com/news/bauli-acquires-motta-and-alemagna-from-nestle
^ Pomeroy, Robin (2007-12-12). "Panettone makers want to keep Christmas cake Italian". Reuters. http://uk.reuters.com/article/oddlyEnoughNews/idUKL1257577020071212. Retrieved 2008-12-06.
^ http://www.ompersonal.com.ar/omchristmas2/historyofpanettone.htm
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