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| Features | |
| 2>
IPA vowel chart
Front
Near-front
Central
Near-back
Back
Close
•iy
•ɨʉ
•ɯu
•ɪʏ
•ɪ̈ʊ̈
•ʊ
•eø
•ɘɵ
•ɤo
•e̞ø̞
ə
•ɤ̞o̞
•ɛœ
•ɜɞ
•ʌɔ
•æ
ɐ
•aɶ
•ä
•ɑɒ
Near-close
Close-mid
Mid
Open-mid
Near-open
Open
Paired vowels are: unrounded • rounded
This table contains phonetic symbols. They may not display correctly in some browsers (Help).
IPA help • IPA key • chart • chart with audio • view
Its vowel height is open, also known as low, which means the tongue is positioned as far as possible from the roof of the mouth – that is, as low as possible in the mouth.
Its vowel backness is back, which means the tongue is positioned as far back as possible in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant.
Its vowel roundedness is unrounded, which means that the lips are not rounded.
[edit] Tags:Vowel,Rounded,Ipa,Front,Near-front,Central,Near-back,Back,ɒ,Near-close,Close-mid,Mid,Open-mid,Near-open,Phonetic,View,Vowel Height,Open,Low,Vowel Backness,Consonant,Vowel Roundedness,Unrounded,Audio,M,N,P,B,T,D,C,K,F,V,S,H,R,L,Ts, | |
| Occurrence | |
| 3>
Language
Word
IPA
Meaning
Notes
Angor
ape
[ɑpe]
'father'
Arabic
Standard[1]
طويل
[tˤɑˈwiːl]
'tall'
Allophone of long and short /a/ near emphatic consonants. See Arabic phonology
Dutch
Standard
bad
[bɑt]
'bath'
Backness varies among dialects. See Dutch phonology
Haags
nauw
[nɑː]
'narrow'
Corresponds to [ʌu] in standard Dutch.
English
GA
spa
[spɑ̟ː]
'spa'
See English phonology
RP
Finnish
kana
[kɑnɑ]
'hen'
See Finnish phonology
French[2]
pâte
[pɑt]
'dough'
Only in dialects that distinguish pâte from patte. See French phonology
Georgian[3]
გუდა
[ɡudɑ]
'leather bag'
German
Tag
[tɑːk]
'day'
Some dialects. See German phonology.
Navajo
ashkii
[ɑʃkɪː]
'boy'
See Navajo phonology
Norwegian
hat
[hɑːt]
'hate'
See Norwegian phonology
Plautdietsch
Gott
[ɡɑ̽t]
'God'
Russian[4]
палка
[ˈpɑɫkə]
'stick'
Occurs only both before /ɫ/ and after an unpalatalized consonant. See Russian phonology
Swedish
jаg
[jɑːɡ]
'I'
See Swedish phonology
Ukrainian
вона
[wɔˈnɑ]
'she'
See Ukrainian phonology
West Frisian
lang
[ɫɑŋ]
'long'
[edit] Tags:Angor,Arabic,طويل,Emphatic Consonants,Arabic Phonology,Dutch,Dutch Phonology,Haags,English,Ga,English Phonology,Rp,Finnish,Finnish Phonology,French,Dialects,French Phonology,Georgian,გუდ,German,German Phonology,Navajo,Navajo Phonology,Norwegian,Norwegian Phonology,Plautdietsch,Russian,п,Unpalatalized,Russian Phonology,Swedish,Swedish Phonology,Ukrainian,вон,Ukrainian Phonology,West Frisian,ŋ,ɡ,Z,ʃ,J, | |
| References | |
| 2>
^ Thelwall (1990:39)
^ Fougeron & Smith (1993:73)
^ Shosted & Chikovani (2006:261–262)
^ Jones & Ward (1969:50)
[edit] Tags: | |
| Bibliography | |
| 2>
Fougeron, Cecile; Smith, Caroline L (1993), "Illustrations of the IPA:French", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 23 (2): 73–76
Jones, Daniel; Dennis, Ward (1969), The Phonetics of Russian, Cambridge University Press
Shosted, Ryan K.; Vakhtang, Chikovani (2006), "Standard Georgian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 36 (2): 255–264
Thelwall, Robin (1990), "Illustrations of the IPA: Arabic", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20 (2): 37–41
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International Phonetic Alphabet
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IPA
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Phonetics
Diacritics · Segments · Tone letter · Place of articulation · Manner of articulation
Special topics
Extensions to the IPA · Obsolete and nonstandard symbols · IPA chart for English dialects
Encodings
SAMPA · X-SAMPA · Conlang X-SAMPA · Kirshenbaum · TIPA · Phonetic symbols in Unicode · WorldBet
Consonants
v
d
e
IPA pulmonic consonants chartchart image • audio
Place →
Labial
Coronal
Dorsal
Radical
Glottal
↓ Manner
Bilabial
Labiodental
Dental
Alveolar
Postalv.
Retroflex
Palatal
Velar
Uvular
Pharyngeal
Epiglottal
Glottal
Nasal
m̥
m
ɱ
n̪
n̥
n
n̠
ɳ
ɲ̥
ɲ
ŋ̊
ŋ
ɴ
Plosive
p
b
p̪
b̪
t̪
d̪
t
d
ʈ
ɖ
c
ɟ
k
ɡ
q
ɢ
ʡ
ʔ
Fricative
ɸ
β
f
v
θ
ð
s
z
ʃ
ʒ
ʂ
ʐ
ç
ʝ
x
ɣ
χ
ʁ
ħ
ʕ
ʜ
ʢ
h
ɦ
Approximant
ʋ
ɹ
ɻ
j
ɰ
Trill
ʙ
r
ɽ͡r
ʀ
я *
Flap or tap
ⱱ̟
ⱱ
ɾ
ɽ
ɢ̆
ʡ̯
Lateral Fric.
ɬ
ɮ
ɭ˔̊
ʎ̥˔
ʟ̝̊
ʟ̝
Lateral Appr.
l
ɭ
ʎ
ʟ
Lateral flap
ɺ
ɺ̠
ʎ̯
Non-pulmonic consonants
Clicks
ʘ
ǀ
ǃ
ǂ
ǁ
ʘ̃
ʘ̃ˀ
ʘ͡q
ʘ͡qʼ
Implosives
ɓ
ɗ
ʄ
ᶑ
ɠ
ʛ
Ejectives
pʼ
tʼ
cʼ
ʈʼ
kʼ
qʼ
fʼ
θʼ
sʼ
ɬʼ
xʼ
χʼ
tsʼ
tɬʼ
cʎ̝̥ʼ
tʃʼ
ʈʂʼ
kxʼ
kʟ̝̊ʼ
Affricates
p̪f
b̪v
ts
dz
tʃ
dʒ
tɕ
dʑ
ʈʂ
ɖʐ
tɬ
dɮ
cç
ɟʝ
cʎ̥˔
kʟ̝̊
Co-articulated consonants
Fricatives
ɕ
ʑ
ɧ
Approximants
ʍ
w
ɥ
ɫ
Stops
k͡p
ɡ͡b
ŋ͡m
These tables contain phonetic symbols, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help]
Where symbols appear in pairs, left—right represent the voiceless—voiced consonants.
Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged to be impossible.
* Symbol not defined in IPA.
Chart image
Pulmonics · Non-pulmonics · Affricates · Co-articulated
Vowels
Front
Near-front
Central
Near-back
Back
Close
•iy
•ɨʉ
•ɯu
•ɪʏ
•ɪ̈ʊ̈
•ʊ
•eø
•ɘɵ
•ɤo
•e̞ø̞
ə
•ɤ̞o̞
•ɛœ
•ɜɞ
•ʌɔ
•æ
ɐ
•aɶ
•ä
•ɑɒ
Near-close
Close-mid
Mid
Open-mid
Near-open
Open
Vowels: IPA help • chart • chart with audio • view
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