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| Sources of the open design movement | |
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The principles of open design are derived from the Free Software and Open Source movements.[5] In 1997 Eric S. Raymond, Tim O'Reilly and Larry Augustin established "Open Source" as an alternative expression to "Free Software," and in 1997 Bruce Perens published the Open Source Definition. In late 1998, Dr. Sepehr Kiani (a PhD in mechanical engineering from MIT) realized that designers could benefit from Open Source policies, and in early 1999 he convinced Dr. Ryan Vallance and Dr. Samir Nayfeh of the potential benefits of open design in machine design applications.[6]. Together they established the Open Design Foundation (ODF) as a non-profit corporation, and set out to develop an Open Design Definition.[6].
The idea of open design was taken up, either simultaneously or subsequently, by several other groups and individuals. The principles of open design are closely similar to those of Open source hardware design, which emerged in March 1998 when Reinoud Lamberts of the Delft University of Technology proposed on his “Open Design Circuits” website the creation of a hardware design community in the spirit of free software.[7]
[edit] Tags:Open Source,Free Software,Eric S. Raymond,Tim O'reilly,Larry Augustin,Bruce Perens,Open Source Hardware,Delft University Of Technology,Machine Design,Design,Designer, | |
| Current directions of the open design movement | |
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The open design movement currently unites two trends. On one hand, people apply their skills and time on projects for the common good, perhaps where funding or commercial interest is lacking, for developing countries or to help spread ecological or cheaper technologies. On the other hand, open design may provide a framework for developing advanced projects and technologies that might be beyond the resource of any single company or country and involve people who, without the copyleft mechanism, might not collaborate otherwise. There is now also a third trend, where these two methods come together to use high-tech local solutions for sustainable development.[8]
[edit] Tags:Common Good,Developing Countries,Copyleft,Help, | |
| Open machine design as compared to open-source software | |
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The "open design" movement is currently fairly nascent but holds great potential for the future. In some respects design and engineering are even more suited to open collaborative development than the increasingly common open-source software projects, because with 3D models and photographs the concept can often be understood visually. It is not even necessary that the project members speak the same languages to usefully collaborate.
However there are certain barriers to overcome for open design when compared to software development where there are mature and widely used tools available and the duplication and distribution of code cost next to nothing. Creating, testing and modifying physical designs is not quite so straightforward because of the effort, time and cost required to create the physical artefact; although with access to emerging flexible computer-controlled manufacturing techniques the complexity and effort of construction can be significantly reduced (see tools mentioned in the fab lab article).
[edit] Tags:Fab Lab, | |
| Open design organizations | |
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VIA OpenBook reference design CAD visualisation
Open design is currently a fledgling movement consisting of several unrelated or loosely related initiatives. Many of these organizations are single, funded projects, while a few organizations are focusing on an area needing development.
Appropedia
VOICED
Instructables
Thingiverse
Cornell University; the organisation behind Factory@Home
VIA OpenBook netbook has CAD files for the design licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 3.0 Unported License
One Laptop Per Child, a project to give every child in developing territories a laptop computer with open hardware and software
AguaClara, an open-source engineering group at Cornell University publishing a design tool and CAD designs for water treatment plants
[edit] Tags:Via Openbook,Cad,Appropedia,Voiced,Instructables,Thingiverse,Factory@home,Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 3.0 Unported License,One Laptop Per Child,Aguaclara,Creative Commons, | |
| See also | |
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Wikiversity has learning materials about Open design
Wikiversity has learning materials about Topic:Engineering/Free or open source design tools
Free software portal
Commons-based peer production
Machine design
Open source
Knowledge commons
Open Source Appropriate Technology
Open source software
Open-source hardware - open-source computer and electronic hardware
Open Standards
OpenBTS
Open Source Architecture
Service Design
[edit] Tags:Free Software Portal,Commons-based Peer Production,Knowledge Commons,Open Source Appropriate Technology,Open Source Software,Open-source Hardware,Open Standards,Openbts,Open Source Architecture,Service Design, | |
| References | |
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^ http://belogic.com/uzebox/
^ http://www.worldchanging.com/archives/009340.html
^ http://www.techcrunch.com/2007/11/01/first-pics-of-bug-labs-open-source-hardware/
^ http://www.adciv.org/Open_collaborative_design
^ Vallance, Kiani and Nayfeh, Open Design of Manufacturing Equipment, CIRP 1st Int. Conference on Agile, 2001
^ a b R. Ryan Vallance, Bazaar Design of Nano and Micro Manufacturing Equipment, 2000
^ http://opencollector.org/history/OpenDesignCircuits/reinoud_announce
^ J. M Pearce, C. Morris Blair, K. J. Laciak, R. Andrews, A. Nosrat and I. Zelenika-Zovko, “3-D Printing of Open Source Appropriate Technologies for Self-Directed Sustainable Development”, Journal of Sustainable Development 3(4), pp. 17-29 (2010). [1]
[edit] Tags:Uzebox, | |
| External links | |
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Episodes of Collective Invention (Peter B. Meyer, August 2003) An article on several historical examples of what could be called "open design."
The Political Economy of Open Source Software (Steven Weber, June 2000) An article outlining the development of Linux Operating System from a political-science perspective. The conclusion suggests that the open-source development model is suited to disciplines besides software development.
worldchanging archives (Alex Steffen, November 2006) An interview with Lawrence Lessig on the use of the Developing Nations License by Architecture for Humanity to create a global open design network.
Open Design Team Communication @ ICED '09
The Emergence of Open Design and Open Manufacturing Michel Bauwens, We Magazine Volume 2
designbreak - open science, engineering and design non-profit, with a focus on interdisciplinary collaboration to address issues of health and poverty.
In the Next Industrial Revolution, Atoms Are the New Bits Chris Anderson, Wired February 2010
Open Design Now (June 2011)
CIS.doc # 04. Open Design (February 2011)
Open Design is going mainstream now (first part, second part, third part)
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