Old Italic alphabet Photos:

Old Italic alphabet
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Old Italic alphabet
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Old Italic alphabet
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Old Italic alphabet
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Old Italic alphabet Basic Informations:

Etruscan alphabet
2> History of the alphabet Proto-Sinaitic alphabet 19 c. BCE Ugaritic 15 c. BCE Proto-Canaanite 14 c. BCE Phoenician 12 c. BCE Paleo-Hebrew 10 c. BCE Samaritan 6 c. BCE Aramaic 8 c. BCE Kharoṣṭhī 6 c. BCE Brāhmī 6 c. BCE Brahmic family (see) e.g. Devanagari 13 c. CE Hebrew 3 c. BCE Thaana 4 c. BCE Pahlavi 3 c. BCE Avestan 4 c. CE Palmyrene 2 c. BCE Syriac 2 c. BCE Sogdian 2 c. BCE Orkhon (Old Turkic) 6 c. CE Old Hungarian ca. 650 Old Uyghur Mongolian 1204 hh Nabataean 2 c. BCE Arabic 4 c. CE Mandaic 2 c. CE Greek 8 c. BCE Etruscan 8 c. BCE Latin 7 c. BCE Runic 2 c. CE Coptic 3 c. CE Gothic 3 c. CE Armenian 405 Georgian ca. 430 CE Glagolitic 862 Cyrillic ca. 940 Paleohispanic (semi-syllabic) 7 c. BCE Epigraphic South Arabian 9 c. BCE Ge’ez 5–6 c. BCE Meroitic (from Egyptian) 3 c. BCE Ogham 4 c. CE Hangul (partly from Brahmic) 1443 Zhuyin (aka Bopomofo, from Chinese) 1913 This box: view talk edit See also: Etruscan numerals Etruscan cippus (grave marker) from the necropolis Crocifisso del Tufo outside Orvieto, Italy, side view showing the inscription in the Old Italic (Etruscan) alphabet. It is not clear whether the process of adaptation from the Greek alphabet took place in Italy from the first colony of Greeks, the city of Cumae, or in Greece/Asia Minor. It was in any case a Western Greek alphabet. In the alphabets of the West, X had the sound value [ks], Ψ stood for [kʰ]; in Etruscan: X = [s], Ψ = [kʰ] or [kχ] (Rix 202-209). The earliest Etruscan abecedarium, the Marsiliana d'Albegna (near Grosseto) tablet which dates to c. 700 BC, lists 26 letters corresponding to contemporary forms of the Greek alphabet which retained san and qoppa but which had not yet developed omega. Comparison of the Western Greek alphabet with archaic and classical Etruscan variants. 𐌀 𐌁 𐌂 𐌃 𐌄 𐌅 𐌆 𐌇 𐌈 𐌉 𐌊 𐌋 𐌌 𐌍 𐌎 𐌏 𐌐 𐌑 𐌒 𐌓 𐌔 𐌕 𐌖 𐌗 𐌘 𐌙 in transliteration, A B G D E V Z H Θ I K L M N Ξ O P Ś Q R S T Y X Φ Ψ Until about 600 BC, the archaic form of the Etruscan alphabet remained practically unchanged, and the direction of writing was free. From the 6th century, however, evolutions of the alphabet took place, guided by the phonology of the Etruscan language, and letters representing phonemes nonexistent in Etruscan were dropped. By 400 BC, it appears that all of Etruria was using the classical Etruscan alphabet of 20 letters, mostly written from left to right: 𐌀 𐌂 𐌃 𐌄 𐌅 𐌆 𐌇 𐌈 𐌉 𐌋 𐌌 𐌍 𐌐 𐌑 𐌓 𐌔 𐌕 𐌖 𐌘 𐌙 𐌚 A C D E V Z H Θ I L M N P Ś R S T U Φ Ψ F An additional sign 𐌚, in shape similar to the numeral 8, transcribed as F, was present in both Lydian and Etruscan (Jensen 513). Its origin is disputed; it may have been an altered B or H or an ex novo creation (Rix 202). Its sound value was /f/ and it replaced the Etruscan FH. Some letters were, on the other hand, falling out of use: B and D were apparently considered superfluous over P and T. K was dropped in favour of G (also transcribed as C). O disappeared and was replaced by U. In the course of its simplification, the redundant letters showed some tendency towards a syllabary: C, K and Q were predominantly used in the contexts CE, KA, QU. This classical alphabet remained in use until the 2nd century BC when it began to be contaminated by the rise of the Latin alphabet. Soon after the Etruscan language itself became extinct. [edit]

Tags:Abecedarium,Etruscan,Greek Alphabet,Latin Alphabet,Alphabet,Italic,Cumae,History Of The Alphabet,Proto-sinaitic Alphabet,Ugaritic,Proto-canaanite,Phoenician,Paleo-hebrew,Samaritan,Aramaic,Kharoṣṭhī,Brāhmī,Brahmic Family,Devanagari,Hebrew,Thaana,Pahlavi,Avestan,Palmyrene,Syriac,Sogdian,Orkhon,Old Hungarian,Old Uyghur,Mongolian,Nabataean,Arabic,Mandaic,Greek,Latin,Runic,Coptic,Gothic,Armenian,Georgian,Glagolitic,Cyrillic,Paleohispanic,Epigraphic South Arabian,Ge’ez,Meroitic,Egyptian,Ogham,Hangul,Zhuyin,Chinese,Etruscan Numerals,Crocifisso Del Tufo,Orvieto,Italy,Greece,Asia Minor,Western Greek Alphabet,Sound Value,Grosseto,San,Qoppa,Omega,Etruria,Lydian,Syllabary,Edit,Numerals,South Arabian,Brahmic,Mon,Alphabets,
Oscan alphabet
2> The Osci probably adopted the archaic Etruscan alphabet during the 7th century BC, but a recognizably Oscan variant of the alphabet is attested only from the 5th century BC; its sign inventory extended over the classical Etruscan alphabet by the introduction of long vowel variants of I and U, transcribed as Í and Ú. U came to be used to represent Oscan o, while Ú was used for actual Oscan u. 𐌀 𐌁 𐌂 𐌃 𐌄 𐌅 𐌆 𐌇 𐌈 𐌋 𐌌 𐌍 𐌐 𐌑 𐌓 𐌔 𐌕 𐌖 𐌚 𐌞 𐌝 A B G D E V Z H I L M N P Ś R S T U F Ú Í [edit]

Tags:Oscan,Osci,
Alphabet of Nuceria
2> The Nucerian alphabet is based on inscriptions found in southern Italy (Nocera Superiore, Sorrento, Vico Equense and others places). It is attested only between the 6th and the 5th century BC. The most important sign is the /S/, shaped like a fir tree, and possibly a derivation from the Phoenician alphabet. [edit]

Tags:Phoenician Alphabet,Nocera Superiore,Sorrento,Vico Equense,
Alphabet of Lugano
2> The Alphabet of Lugano, based on inscriptions found in northern Italy and Canton Ticino, was used to record Lepontic inscriptions, among the oldest testimonies of any Celtic language, in use from the 7th to the 5th centuries BC. The alphabet has 17 letters, derived from the archaic Etruscan alphabet: 𐌀 𐌄 𐌉 𐌊 𐌋 𐌌 𐌍 𐌏 𐌐 𐌓 𐌔 𐌕 𐌈 𐌖 𐌅 𐌗 𐌆 A E I K L M N O P R S T Θ U V X Z The alphabet does not distinguish voiced and unvoiced occlusives, i.e. P represents /b/ or /p/, T is for /t/ or /d/, K for /g/ or /k/. Z is probably for /ts/. U /u/ and V /w/ are distinguished. Θ is probably for /t/ and X for /g/. There are claims of a related script discovered in Glozel. [edit]

Tags:Celtic,Lugano,Canton Ticino,Lepontic,Celtic Language,Voiced,Occlusives,Glozel,
Raetic alphabets
2> The alphabets of Este (Venetic), Magrè and Bolzano/Bozen-Sanzeno (Raetic), Sondrio (Camunic), Lugano (Lepontic) The alphabet of Sanzeno (also, of Bolzano), about 100 Raetic inscriptions. The alphabet of Magrè (near Schio), east Raetian inscriptions. [edit]

Tags:Raetic,Venetic,Sanzeno,Bolzano,Schio,
Latin alphabet
2> Duenos inscription, 6th century BC Main article: History of the Latin alphabet 21 of the 26 archaic Etruscan letters were adopted for Old Latin from the 7th century BC, either directly from the Cumae alphabet, or via archaic Etruscan forms, compared to the classical Etruscan alphabet retaining B, D, K, O, Q, X but dropping Θ, Ś, Φ, Ψ, F (Etruscan U is Latin V, Etruscan V is Latin F). 𐌀 𐌁 𐌂 𐌃 𐌄 𐌅 𐌆 𐌇 𐌉 𐌊 𐌋 𐌌 𐌍 𐌏 𐌐 𐌒 𐌓 𐌔 𐌕 𐌖 𐌗 A B C D E F Z H I K L M N O P Q R S T V X [edit]

Tags:Duenos Inscription,History Of The Latin Alphabet,Old Latin,Cumae Alphabet,
Unicode
2> The Old Italic alphabets were unified and added to the Unicode Standard in March, 2001 with the release of version 3.1. [edit]

Tags:Unicode,
Block
3> The Unicode block for Old Italic is U+10300–U+1032F without specification of a particular alphabet (i.e. the Old Italic alphabets are considered equivalent, and the font used will determine the variant). Writing direction (right-to-left, left-to-right, or boustrophedon) varies based on the language and even the time period. For simplicity most scholars use left-to-right and this is the Unicode default direction for the Old Italic block. For this reason, the glyphs in the code chart are shown with left-to-right orientation. Old Italic[1] Unicode.org chart (PDF)   0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F U+1030x 𐌀 𐌁 𐌂 𐌃 𐌄 𐌅 𐌆 𐌇 𐌈 𐌉 𐌊 𐌋 𐌌 𐌍 𐌎 𐌏 U+1031x 𐌐 𐌑 𐌒 𐌓 𐌔 𐌕 𐌖 𐌗 𐌘 𐌙 𐌚 𐌛 𐌜 𐌝 𐌞 U+1032x 𐌠 𐌡 𐌢 𐌣 Notes 1.^ As of Unicode version 6.1 [edit]

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Letters with Transliteration
3> Letter Translit. Name Letter Translit. Name Letter Translit. Name 𐌀 a a 𐌁 b be 𐌂 c ke 𐌃 d de 𐌄 e e 𐌅 v ve 𐌆 z ze 𐌇 h he 𐌈 þ the 𐌉 i i 𐌊 k ka 𐌋 l el 𐌌 m em 𐌍 n en 𐌎 š esh 𐌏 o o 𐌐 p pe 𐌑 ś she 𐌒 q ku 𐌓 r er 𐌔 s es 𐌕 t te 𐌖 u u 𐌗 x eks 𐌘 ph phe 𐌙 ch khe 𐌚 f ef 𐌛 ř ers 𐌜 ç che 𐌝 í ii 𐌞 ú uu 𐌠 I 1 𐌡 V 5 𐌢 X 10 𐌣 L 50 [edit]

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External links
2> Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Etruscan alphabet Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Nucerian alphabet Etruscan Texts Project: A searchable online database of Etruscan inscriptions. Old Italic Unicode The Etruscan alphabet (Omniglot) Old Italic alphabets (Omniglot) Etruscan (Ancient Scripts) Oscan (Ancient Scripts) Unicode Fonts v d e Types of writing systems Overview History of writing Grapheme Lists Writing systems undeciphered inventors Languages by writing system / by first written accounts   Types   Abjads Numerals Aramaic Arabic Pitman shorthand Hebrew Jawi Nabataean Pahlavi Pegon Phoenician Proto-Canaanite Psalter Samaritan South Arabian Sogdian Syriac Tifinagh Ugaritic   Abugidas Brahmic Ahom Balinese Batak Baybayin Brāhmī Buhid Burmese Chakma Cham Devanāgarī Dhives Akuru Assamese/Bengali Grantha Gujarati Gupta Gurmukhī Hanunó'o Javanese Kadamba Kaithi Kalinga Kannada Khmer Lanna Lao Lepcha Limbu Lontara Malayalam Meitei Mayek Mithilakshar Modi Mon Nāgarī Nepali Old Kawi Oriya Pallava 'Phags-pa Ranjana Rejang Rencong Śāradā Saurashtra Sinhala Siddhaṃ Soyombo Sundanese Sylheti Nagari Tagbanwa Tai Dam Tai Le Takri Tamil Telugu Thai Tibetan Tocharian Varang Kshiti Others Boyd's syllabic shorthand Canadian Aboriginal Ge'ez Japanese braille Kharoṣṭhī Meroitic Pollard Sorang Sompeng Tāna Thomas Natural Shorthand   Alphabets Linear Armenian Avestan Bassa Vah Borama Coptic Cyrillic Deseret Duployan shorthand Eclectic shorthand Elbasan Fraser Gabelsberger shorthand Georgian Glagolitic Gothic Gregg shorthand Greek Greco-Iberian alphabet Hangul International Phonetic Kaddare Latin Manchu Mandaic Mongolian Neo-Tifinagh New Tai Lue N'Ko Ogham Ol Chiki Old Hungarian Old Italic Old Permic Orkhon Osmanya Runic Shavian alphabet Visible Speech Vithkuqi Non-linear Braille Hebrew Korean Maritime flags Morse code New York Point Semaphore line Flag semaphore Moon type   Ideo/Pictograms Aztec Blissymbol DanceWriting Dongba Míkmaq New Epoch Notation Painting Nsibidi SignWriting   Logograms Chinese Traditional Simplified Hanja Hán tự Kanji Chinese-based Chữ Nôm Jurchen Khitan large script Tangut Zhuang Other logo-syllabic Anatolian Cuneiform Maya Yi Logo-consonantal Demotic Hieratic Hieroglyphs Numerals Hindu-Arabic Abjad Greek (Attic) Roman   Semi-syllabaries Full Celtiberian Northeastern Iberian Southeastern Iberian Redundant Southwest Paleohispanic Pahawh Hmong Zhùyīn fúhào Khitan small script   Syllabaries Afaka Cherokee Cypriot Geba Hiragana Katakana Kikakui Kpelle Linear B Man'yōgana Nüshu Old Persian Cuneiform Vai Woleai Yi Yugtun v d e Etruscan-related topics History Origin  · Founding of Rome · Tyrrhenus · Tyrrhenians · Tarchon · Capys · Lucius Tarquinius Priscus · Tanaquil · Lucius Tarquinius Superbus · Lars Porsena · Servius Tullius · Lars Tolumnius · Caelius Vibenna · Etruscan League · Titus Vestricius Spurinna · Vicus Tuscus · Aruns (son of Tarquinius Superbus) · Raeti · Poppilia Culture Tages · Vulca · Persius · Titus Larcius · Art · Architecture · Terracotta warriors · Coins · Apollo of Veii · Chimera of Arezzo · Corpus Speculorum Etruscorum · Tomb of the Roaring Lions · Sarcophagus of the Spouses · Jewelry · Society · Religion · Mythology · Mythological figures · Etruscan Sibyl · Haruspex · Liver of Piacenza · Etruscan names for Greek heroes · Fanum Voltumnae · Mezentius · Lausus · Extispicy Warfare 1st Siege of Rome · 2nd Siege of Rome · Battle of Alalia · Battle of Cumae · Capture of Fidenae (435 BC) · Battle of Veii · Battle of Populonia · Battle of Lake Vadimo · Battle of the Cremera Language Tyrsenian languages · Alphabet · English words of Etruscan origin · Spanish words of Etruscan origin · Lemnian language · Rhaetic language · Pyrgi Tablets · Cippus perusinus · Liber Linteus · Corpus Inscriptionum Etruscarum · Tabula Capuana · Tabula Cortonensis Archeology National Etruscan Museum · Monteleone Chariot · Tomb of Orcus · Vicus Tuscus · Negau helmet · Bucchero · Impasto (pottery) · Tumulus of Montefortini · Cuniculi · Portonaccio Key sites Etruria · Volsinii · Clusium · Aleria · Caere · Populonia · Baratti · Perusia · Spina · Norchia · Veii · Fidenae · Falerii · Ceri · Adria · Bologna · Cumae · Pyrgi · Volterra · Acquarossa · Rusellae · Civita di Bagnoregio · Tarquinia · Fescennia · Orvieto · Poggio Colla · San Giovenale · Tuscania · Vetulonia Portal Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Old_Italic_script&oldid=473386006"

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