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| Distribution | |
| 2>
Murex is solely an Indo-Pacific genus, as demonstrated by Ponder & Vokes (1988). The species from the western Atlantic that were formerly considered to belong in the genus Murex are now placed in the genus Haustellum.
[edit] Tags:O,S,D,C,P,T,K,Genus,Indo-pacific,Ponder,Haustellum, | |
| Habitat | |
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Most Murex species live in the intertidal or shallow subtidal zone, among rocks and corals.
[edit] Tags:Intertidal, | |
| Shell description | |
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This genus includes many showy members, their elongate shells highly sculptured with spines or fronds. The inner surfaces of their ornate shells are often brightly colored.
[edit] Tags:Sculptured, | |
| Human use | |
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Costly and labor-intensive dyes Tyrian purple (or royal purple) and Tekhelet were historically made by the ancient Phoenicians using mucus from the hypobranchial gland of two species commonly referred to as "murex", Murex brandaris and Murex trunculus, which are the older names for Haustellum brandaris and the Hexaplex trunculus.
This dye was used in royal robes, other kinds of special ceremonial or ritual garments, or garments indicating high rank. It is theorized that the dye was the same dye as that which featured prominently in the ancient Temple in Jerusalem, the clothing of the High Priest (or Kohen Gadol) officiating there; it is sometimes still used by Jews today in the ritual fringes (tzitzit) on four-cornered garments.[2] A consensus has yet to be achieved regarding the Biblical source of the "blue" dye.
[edit] Tags:J,Tyrian Purple,Royal Purple,Tekhelet,Phoenicians,Haustellum Brandaris,Royal,Ceremonial,Rank,Kohen Gadol,Tzitzit, | |
| Species | |
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The genus Murex, as originally defined by Linnaeus, encompassed many taxa that are now placed elsewhere in the superfamily Muricoidea. During the 19th century, the definition of Murex was restricted by Lamarck and his contemporaries first to species in the family Muricidae, and then was limited even further to the subfamilies Muricinae and Ocenebrinae. Malacologists of the 19th century including Kiener, Reeve, Küster & Kobelt and Sowerby treated all muricoid forms as belonging to Murex. This is the main reason why Murex has so many synonyms. The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) recognizes 1065 records, of which only a small number are still recognized as accepted names of Murex species.[3]
According to the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), the following species with accepted names are included within the genus Murex [4]
Murex acanthostephes Watson, 1883[5]
Murex aduncospinosus Sowerby, 1841 [6]: Short-spined murex
Murex africanus Ponder & Vokes, 1988[7]
Murex altispira Ponder & Vokes, 1988[8] : : Caltrop murex
Murex balkeanus Vokes, 1967[9]
Murex brevispina Lamarck, 1822
Murex brevispina brevispina Lamarck, 1822 [10] : Short-spined murex
Murex brevispina macgillivrayi Dohrn, 1862
Murex brevispina ornamentalis Ponder & Vokes, 1988
Murex brevispina senilis Jousseaume, 1874
Murex buccinatus Voigt, 1834[11]
Murex concinnus Reeve, 1845[12]
Murex djarianensis Martin, 1895
Murex djarianensis poppei [13] (synonym : Murex (Murex) poppei Houart, 1979)
Murex echinodes Houart, 2011
Murex huangi Houart, 2010
Murex hystricosus Houart & Dharma, 2001[14]
Murex indicus Houart, 2011
Murex megapex Neubert, 1998[15]
Murex ornamentalis Ponder & Vokes, 1988[16]
Murex philippinensis Parth, 1994 [17]
Murex salomonensis Parth, 1994[18]
Murex somalicus Parth, 1990[19]
Murex surinamensis Okutani, 1982[20]
Murex textilis Gabb, 1873[21]
Murex troscheli Lischke, 1868[22] : Troschel's murex
Subgenus Murex (Murex) Linnaeus, 1758
Murex carbonnieri (Jousseaume, 1881)[23] : : Carbonnier's murex
Murex coppingeri E. A. Smith, 1884[24]
Murex falsitribulus Ponder & Vokes, 1988[25]
Murex forskoehli Röding, 1798[26]
Murex kerslakae Ponder & Vokes, 1988[27]
Murex occa Sowerby, 1834[28] : Harrowed murex
Murex pecten Lightfoot, 1786[29] ': Venus comb murex
Murex pecten soelae
Murex queenslandicus Ponder & Vokes, 1988[30]
Murex scolopax Dillwyn, 1817[31] : False venus comb, woodcock murex
Murex spectabilis Ponder & Vokes, 1988[32]
Murex spicatus Ponder & Vokes, 1988[33]
Murex spinastreptos Houart, 2010
Murex tenuirostrum Lamarck, 1822[34]
Murex ternispina Lamarck, 1822[35]
Murex trapa Roding, 1798[36] : : Rare-spined murex
Murex tribulus Linnaeus, 1758[37] : Caltrop murex
Murex tribulus spicatus
Murex tribulus tenuirostrum
Murex tribulus tenuirostrum africanus
Murex tribulus ternispina
Subgenus Murex (Promurex) Ponder & Vokes, 1988
Murex antelmei Viader, 1938[38]
Murex protocrassus Houart, 1990[39]
Species mentioned as species in current use in the Indo-Pacific Molluscan Database (OBIS)
Murex singaporensis A.Adams, 1853 [40]
Species brought into synonymy
Murex aedonius Watson, 1896[41] : synonym of Coralliophila aedonia (Watson, 1885)
Murex alocatus : synonym of Pterymarchia barclayana (H. Adams, 1873)
Murex antillarum : Antilles murex: synonym of Siratus articulatus (Reeve, 1845)
Murex argo Clench & Farfante, 1945[42] : synonym of Chicoreus (Triplex) spectrum (Reeve, 1846)
Murex brandaris Linnaeus, 1758 : synonym of Bolinus brandaris (Linnaeus, 1758)
Murex edwardsii [43] : synonym of Ocinebrina edwardsii (Payraudeau, 1826)
Murex gubbi Reeve, 1849[44] : synonym of Chicocenebra gubbi (Reeve, 1849)
Murex intertextus Helbling, 1779[45]: synonym of Cumia reticulata
Murex maroccensis Gmelin, 1791[46] : synonym of Fusinus maroccensis
Murex monodon Sowerby, 1825[47] : synonym of Chicoreus (Chicoreus) cornucervi (Röding, 1798)
Murex nassa Gmelin, 1791[48] : synonym of Leucozonia nassa (Gmelin, 1791)
Murex peritus Hinds, 1844a[49] : synonym of Favartia (Favartia) perita (Hinds, 1844)
Murex purpuroides Dunker[50]: synonym of Vaughtia purpuroides (Reeve, 1845)
Murex recurvirostris [51] : synonym of Vokesimurex recurvirostrum (Broderip, 1833)
Murex rota Sowerby[52] : synonym of Homalocantha anatomica (Perry, 1811)
Murex rubidus [53] : synonym of Vokesimurex rubidus (F.C. Baker, 1897)
Murex serratospinosus Dunker, 1883 : synonym of Vokesimurex mindanaoensis (G.B. Sowerby II, 1841)
Murex triqueter [54] : synonym of Naquetia triqueter (Born, 1778)
Murex tulipa Linnaeus, 1758[55] : synonym of Fasciolaria tulipa (Linnaeus, 1758)
Murex vittatus Broderip, 1833[56] : synonym of Favartia (Favartia) vittata (Broderip, 1833)
[edit] Tags:Mollusca,Muricoidea,Muricidae,Linnaeus,Synonyms,Marine, | |
| References | |
| 2>
Murex altispira
^ a b Houart, R.; Gofas, S. (2010). Murex Linnaeus, 1758. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138196 on 2011-04-09
^ Tekhelet - Biblical Blue Dye for Tzitzit
^ WoRMS : taxon list for Murex; accessed : 23 December 2010
^ WoRMS : Murex; accessed : 23 December 2010
^ Murex acanthostephes Watson, 1883. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=398813 on 25 April 2010.
^ ^Houart, R. (2009). Murex aduncospinosus Sowerby, 1841. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=215644 on 2010-08-06
^ Murex africanus Ponder & Vokes, 1988. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404972 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex altispira Ponder & Vokes, 1988. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=398836 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex balkeanus Vokes, 1967. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404052 on 25 April 2010.
^ WoRMS (2010). Murex brevispina Lamarck, 1822. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=215647 on 9 April 2011
^ Murex buccinatus Voigt, 1834. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=447171 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex concinnus Reeve, 1845. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404264 on 25 April 2010.
^ Houart, R. (2009). Murex djarianensis poppei Houart, 1979. Accessed through the World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404977 on 2010-08-06
^ Murex hystricosus Houart & Dharma, 2001. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404504 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex megapex Neubert, 1998. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404619 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex ornamentalis Ponder & Vokes, 1988. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404669 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex philippinensis Parth, 1994. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404697 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex salomonensis Parth, 1994. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404800 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex somalicus Parth, 1990. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404826 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex surinamensis Okutani, 1982. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404850 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex textilis Gabb, 1873. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=408592 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex troscheli Lischke, 1868. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404897 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex carbonnieri (Jousseaume, 1881). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404223 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex coppingeri E. A. Smith, 1884. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404266 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex falsitribulus Ponder & Vokes, 1988. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404363 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex forskoehli Röding, 1798. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=463926 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex kerslakae Ponder & Vokes, 1988. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404526 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex occa Sowerby, 1834. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404659 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex pecten Lightfoot, 1786. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=215663 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex queenslandicus Ponder & Vokes, 1988. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404728 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex scolopax Dillwyn, 1817. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=215637 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex spectabilis Ponder & Vokes, 1988. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404829 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex spicatus Ponder & Vokes, 1988. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404832 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex tenuirostrum Lamarck, 1822. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404859 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex ternispina Lamarck, 1822. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=215662 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex trapa Roding, 1798. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404879 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex tribulus Linnaeus, 1758. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=215641 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex antelmei Viader, 1938. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=405120 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex protocrassus Houart, 1990. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=458835 on 25 April 2010.
^ Indo-Pacific Molluscan Database : Murex (Murex) singaporensis
^ Murex aedonius Watson, 1896. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404033 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex argo Clench & Farfante, 1945. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404013 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex edwardsi . Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404328 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex gubbi Reeve, 1849. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404485 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex intertextus Helbling, 1779. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=447212 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex maroccensis Gmelin, 1791. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=447206 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex monodon Sowerby, 1841. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404048 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex nassa Gmelin, 1791. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=447213 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex peritus Hinds, 1844a. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404692 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex purpuroides Dunker. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=215660 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex recurvirostris . Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404738 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex rota Sowerby. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=215633 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex rubidus . Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404752 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex triqueter . Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404016 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex tulipa Linnaeus, 1758. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=447198 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex vittatus Broderip, 1833. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404941 on 25 April 2010.
[edit] Tags: | |
| References | |
| 2>
^ a b Houart, R.; Gofas, S. (2010). Murex Linnaeus, 1758. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138196 on 2011-04-09
^ Tekhelet - Biblical Blue Dye for Tzitzit
^ WoRMS : taxon list for Murex; accessed : 23 December 2010
^ WoRMS : Murex; accessed : 23 December 2010
^ Murex acanthostephes Watson, 1883. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=398813 on 25 April 2010.
^ ^Houart, R. (2009). Murex aduncospinosus Sowerby, 1841. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=215644 on 2010-08-06
^ Murex africanus Ponder & Vokes, 1988. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404972 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex altispira Ponder & Vokes, 1988. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=398836 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex balkeanus Vokes, 1967. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404052 on 25 April 2010.
^ WoRMS (2010). Murex brevispina Lamarck, 1822. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=215647 on 9 April 2011
^ Murex buccinatus Voigt, 1834. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=447171 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex concinnus Reeve, 1845. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404264 on 25 April 2010.
^ Houart, R. (2009). Murex djarianensis poppei Houart, 1979. Accessed through the World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404977 on 2010-08-06
^ Murex hystricosus Houart & Dharma, 2001. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404504 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex megapex Neubert, 1998. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404619 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex ornamentalis Ponder & Vokes, 1988. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404669 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex philippinensis Parth, 1994. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404697 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex salomonensis Parth, 1994. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404800 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex somalicus Parth, 1990. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404826 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex surinamensis Okutani, 1982. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404850 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex textilis Gabb, 1873. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=408592 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex troscheli Lischke, 1868. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404897 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex carbonnieri (Jousseaume, 1881). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404223 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex coppingeri E. A. Smith, 1884. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404266 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex falsitribulus Ponder & Vokes, 1988. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404363 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex forskoehli Röding, 1798. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=463926 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex kerslakae Ponder & Vokes, 1988. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404526 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex occa Sowerby, 1834. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404659 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex pecten Lightfoot, 1786. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=215663 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex queenslandicus Ponder & Vokes, 1988. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404728 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex scolopax Dillwyn, 1817. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=215637 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex spectabilis Ponder & Vokes, 1988. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404829 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex spicatus Ponder & Vokes, 1988. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404832 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex tenuirostrum Lamarck, 1822. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404859 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex ternispina Lamarck, 1822. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=215662 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex trapa Roding, 1798. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404879 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex tribulus Linnaeus, 1758. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=215641 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex antelmei Viader, 1938. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=405120 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex protocrassus Houart, 1990. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=458835 on 25 April 2010.
^ Indo-Pacific Molluscan Database : Murex (Murex) singaporensis
^ Murex aedonius Watson, 1896. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404033 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex argo Clench & Farfante, 1945. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404013 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex edwardsi . Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404328 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex gubbi Reeve, 1849. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404485 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex intertextus Helbling, 1779. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=447212 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex maroccensis Gmelin, 1791. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=447206 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex monodon Sowerby, 1841. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404048 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex nassa Gmelin, 1791. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=447213 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex peritus Hinds, 1844a. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404692 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex purpuroides Dunker. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=215660 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex recurvirostris . Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404738 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex rota Sowerby. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=215633 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex rubidus . Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404752 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex triqueter . Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404016 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex tulipa Linnaeus, 1758. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=447198 on 25 April 2010.
^ Murex vittatus Broderip, 1833. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=404941 on 25 April 2010.
Merle, D., Garrigues, B. & Pointier, J.-P. 2011. Fossil and Recent Muricidae of the World, Part Muricinae. 648 pp., 182 colour plates, Hackenheim. ISBN 978-3-939767-32-9.
Ponder, W.F. & E.H. Vokes. 1988. A revision of the Indo-West Pacific fossil and Recent species of Murex s.s. and Haustellum (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Muricidae). Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement 8. 160 pp.
[edit] Tags:Gastropoda,Gastropod, | |
| External links | |
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Aristotle, 350 B.C.E. A history of animals
Biblical Blue Dye
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