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Its neighbour languages in the dialect continuum of the West Germanic languages were Middle Dutch to the west and Middle High German to the south, which was later replaced by Early Modern High German.
Middle Low German provided a large number of loanwords to the Nordic languages as a result of the activities of Hanseatic traders. It is considered the largest single source of loanwords in the continental Scandinavian languages, Estonian and Latvian.
[edit] Tags:High German,Germanic,West Germanic,Language,Low German,Dialect Continuum,West Germanic Languages,Middle Dutch,Middle High German,Early Modern High German,Loanwords,Nordic Languages,Scandinavian Languages,Estonian,Latvian,Scandinavian, | |
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Middle Low German was the lingua franca of the Hanseatic League, spoken all around the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. Based on the language of Lübeck, a standardized written language was developing, though it was never codified.
Traces of the importance of Middle Low German can be seen by the many loanwords found in the Scandinavian, Finnic, and Baltic languages, as well as standard German and English.
In the late Middle Ages, Middle Low German lost its prestige to Early Modern High German, which was first used by elites as a written and, later, a spoken language. Reasons for this loss of prestige include the decline of the Hanseatic League, followed by political heteronomy of Northern Germany and the cultural predominance of Middle and Southern Germany during the Protestant Reformation and Luther's German translation of the Bible.
[edit] Tags:Baltic,North Sea,Standard German,Hanseatic League,Lingua Franca,Baltic Sea,Lübeck,Finnic,Baltic Languages,English,Protestant Reformation,Luther's German Translation Of The Bible, | |
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Middle Low German influence on the Scandinavian languages
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Germanic languages · Germanic philology
Language subgroups
North · East · West
North · East · Elbe · Weser-Rhine · North Sea
Reconstructed
Proto-Germanic · Proto-Germanic grammar
Historical languages
North
Proto-Norse · Old Norse · Old Swedish · Old Gutnish · Norn · Greenlandic Norse · Old Norwegian
East
Gothic · Crimean Gothic · Vandalic · Burgundian
West
Old Saxon · Middle Low German · Old High German · Middle High German · Old Frankish · Old Dutch · Middle Dutch · Old Frisian · Middle Frisian · Old English · Middle English · Early Scots · Middle Scots · Lombardic · Yola
Modern languages
Afrikaans · Alemannic · Danish · Dutch · English · Faroese · German · Gutnish · Icelandic · Limburgish · Low German · Luxembourgish · North Frisian · Norwegian · Saterland Frisian · Scots · Swedish · Vilamovian · West Frisian · Yiddish
Diachronic features
Grimm's law · Verner's law · Holtzmann's law · Sievers' law · Germanic substrate hypothesis · West Germanic gemination · High German consonant shift · Germanic a-mutation · Germanic umlaut · Germanic spirant law · Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law · Great vowel shift
Synchronic features
Germanic verb · Germanic strong verb · Germanic weak verb · Preterite-present verb · Grammatischer Wechsel · Indo-European ablaut
Language histories
English (phonology) · Scots (phonology) · German · Dutch · Danish · Icelandic · Swedish
This Indo-European languages-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Middle_Low_German&oldid=467632778"
Categories: Low GermanGerman dialectsHanseatic LeagueHistory of GermanIndo-European language stubs
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