La Franja Photos:

La Franja
Photo:1
La Franja
Photo:2
La Franja
Photo:3
La Franja
Photo:4


La Franja Basic Informations:

Origin of the names that refer to
2> The use of a term to refer to the eastern area of Aragon bordering Catalonia as based on linguistic criteria is recent. It was in 1929 —when he christened these as Marques de Ponent, "Western Marches"—[1] that Catalan geographer Pau Vila used for the first time a term designating jointly the Aragonese area where Catalan is spoken. This term was maintained in the second half of the 20th century by Catalan linguists such as Joan Coromines, along with other terms such as Marques d'Aragó (in Spanish, Marcas de Aragón, "Marches of Aragon"), Catalunya aragonesa (in Spanish, Cataluña aragonesa, "Aragonese Catalonia") or la ratlla d'Aragó (in Spanish, la raya de Aragón, "the Aragonese Strip"). Whichever term is used, they all refer to the eastern Catalan-speaking area of Aragon, which borders Catalonia to the west. These terms all originated in Catalonia but later became popular in La Franja itself. They are therefore Catalonia-centered and hence the Ponent ("Western") reference in the term La Franja del Ponent, because these area lies to the west of Catalonia. The term Franja de Ponent itself first appeared in the second half of the 1970s, during the Spanish transition to democracy: the name in question is the collective creation of a group of Catalan-speaking Aragonese and Catalans from the Principality (Catalonia), interested in the fact that a part of Aragon is Catalan-speaking, who used to met some Saturday evenings at the Centro Comarcal Leridano (CCL) premises in Barcelona during the first years of the transition, and, simultaneously, it was also the creation of some original and small local groups –which were often joined by those CCL members– which emerged in La Litera in defense of the cultural-linguistic identity of the comarca.[2] At the Second International Congress of the Catalan Language (Segon Congrés Internacional de la Llengua Catalana) held in 1985, the normative authority on the Catalan language, known as Institut d'Estudis Catalans, adopted Franja d'Aragó ("Aragonese Strip") as the denomination for the Catalan-speaking territories of Aragon for academic and linguistic purposes, while the denomination Franja de Ponent ("Western Strip") is used mainly in the political arena by some associations, groups and political parties associated with pancatalanism. Later on, alternative denominations such as Aragón Oriental (in Catalan, Aragó Oriental), Franja Oriental or Franja de Levante (in Catalan, Franja de Llevant), all meaning roughly Eastern Aragon or Eastern Strip were created in Aragon. [edit]

Tags:Institut D'estudis Catalans,Institut,Catalonia,Catalan,Aragon,Aragonese,Spanish,Marches,Geographer,Pau Vila,Joan Coromines,Spanish Transition To Democracy,Transition,Catalan Language,Pancatalanism,Pp,Par,La Litera,
Diverse meanings
2> Territorial area of the Catalan language, including Valencian While the term was created to designate a linguistic area, there are other issues in question: The ecclesiastical sense The linguistic sense The political sense The socio-economic sense [edit]

Tags:Valencian,
The ecclesiastical sense
3> Many parishes of what is now called la Franja had been historically part of the Diocese of Lleida, along with other, non-Catalan-speaking Aragonese towns. In 1995, Catholic church authorities, through the Papal Nuncio to Spain, informed the president of the Spanish Episcopal Conference –Archbishop of Saragossa, Elías Yanes– of the decision of the Holy See to align the diocesan boundaries with the political and historical ones. This meant that 111 parishes and a population of 68,089 were transferred from the Diocese of Lleida to the enlarged Diocese of Barbastro, whose name was then changed to Diocese of Barbastro-Monzón[3] As for the reasons of the transfer, some Catalan ecclesiastical ranks considered that it was a result of the opposition of these Aragonese parishes to a short-lived debate on the convenience of creating a distinct Catalan Episcopal Conference, which would have been detached from the Spanish one.[4] Other sources claim that the diocese of Barbastro (birthplace of the founder of Opus Dei, St. José María Escrivá de Balaguer) was losing population and needed to acquire neighbouring parishes from another diocese to be able to continue to exist.[5][6] The transfer of the parishes, specifically the ownership of the medieval artistic objects or sacred art comprised, originated an intricated series of lawsuits involving both dioceses (Barbastro-Monzón and Lleida), both autonomous governments (Aragón and Catalonia) and both legal systems canon and administrative law. It was finally decided by the ecclesiastic canon judges in 2005 that the 113 works of art belong to the Barbastro-Monzón diocese. The Lleida diocese released a statement accepting this decision but, at the same time, announced that then the administrative process would be opened,[7] later on, it stated that talks should be opened to reach an agreement,[8] in the end effectively protracting the end of the dispute. In the meantime, the works of art remain located in the Diocese Museum of Lleida. The lawsuit is known as the conflicto del patrimonio eclesiástico de la Franja (the conflict of the ecclesiastical heritage of the Franja) or del Aragón Oriental (of Eastern Aragon), and though it began as a local debate, it has become in became a national press story, especially due to the confrontation between the political forces of Aragon and Catalonia. On July 1, 2008 an agreement between the two dioceses was announced, again stating that the art pieces would return to the Barbastro-Monzón diocese.[9] However, the situation remained stalled due to the continued refusal of the Catalan administration to issue an exit permit, something which eventually led to the Aragonese region president to open a criminal procedure in February 2009, thus effectively giving up on the resolved yet stalled civil procedure.[10] Then the Vatican itself urged for the return of the pieces to Aragon, to no avail.[11] [edit]

Tags:Spain,Lleida,Nuncio,Archbishop Of Saragossa,Elías Yanes,Holy See,Diocesan,Diocese Of Lleida,Diocese Of Barbastro-monzón,Episcopal Conference,Medieval,Canon,Administrative Law,Criminal Procedure,Civil Procedure,Vatican,
The linguistic sense
3> The Catalan language is spoken by a significant proportion of the population of La Franja (about 90 %,[12] the highest proportion of all the territories where this language is spoken).[13] This despite the fact that it is not an official language and that it has a very limited presence in education (where it is only possible to study it as an optional subject), in administration and or public acts, which amounts for severe deficiences in writing competences of this language. [edit]

Tags:
Territorial basis
4> The exact territorial limits of the Franja de Aragón differ depending on the source, since there are some municipalities of Ribagorza where there are doubts over whether or not to include them as Catalan-speaking or as Aragonese-speaking. The proportion of speakers of the two languages varies over time and with immigration according to the municipality, something which leads to different sources drawing slightly different linguistic borders. [edit]

Tags:Ribagorza,
According to the draft of the Aragonese Language Law
4> During the fourth session of the Cortes de Aragón (the parliament of Aragon) (1995–1999) under the PP-PAR coalition government the Special Commission Report on the Language Policy of Aragon was published. The report would be the basis for the Draft of the Language Law of Aragon published the following session (1999–2003) under the PSOE-PAR coalition, where for the first time from the Cortes de Aragón would detail those municipalities which formed part of a Catalan-speaking community, with the aim of recognising co-officiality and encouraging the use of Catalan in public life and especially in education. The law was never approved due to protests and petitions in Aragon opposed to the co-officiality of Catalan, promoted in the main part by the Federación de Asociaciones Culturales del Aragón Oriental (FACAO), a conservative[citation needed] organisation which maintained that the local 'linguistic modalities' were languages and not dialects of Catalan, and the lack of consensus on the issue among the Aragonese political parties. There are other civic associations staunchly rejecting the Catalan filiation of the language[14] According to the list of municipalities which could be considered to be areas of predominant use of its own language or linguistic modality or areas of predominant use of normalised Catalan in the Second annex of the Second Final Disposition of the Avant-project of the Language Law, La Franja would be composed of: Municipality Area (km²) Population (2006) Comarca Province Aguaviva 42.2 691 Bajo Aragón Teruel Albelda 51.9 892 La Litera Huesca Alcampell 58.0 827 La Litera Huesca Altorricón 32.4 1,469 La Litera Huesca Arén 119.3 337 Ribagorza Huesca Arens de Lledó 34.3 227 Matarraña Teruel Azanuy-Alins 51.2 173 La Litera Huesca Baélls 39.8 125 La Litera Huesca Baldellou 30.4 115 La Litera Huesca Beceite 96.7 598 Matarraña Teruel Belmonte de San José 34.0 144 Bajo Aragón Teruel Benabarre 157.1 1,160 Ribagorza Huesca Bonansa 37.3 101 Ribagorza Huesca Calaceite 81.3 1,143 Matarraña Teruel Camporrélls 26.7 217 La Litera Huesca Castigaleu 26.5 118 Ribagorza Huesca Castillonroy 37.6 391 La Litera Huesca Cretas 52.7 630 Matarraña Teruel Estopiñán del Castillo 88.7 199 Ribagorza Huesca Fabara 101.6 1,221 Bajo Aragón-Caspe Zaragoza Fayón 67.2 427 Bajo Aragón-Caspe Zaragoza Fórnoles 32.6 105 Matarraña Teruel Fraga 437.6 13,191 Bajo Cinca Huesca Fuentespalda 39.0 347 Matarraña Teruel Isábena 118.5 302 Ribagorza Huesca La Cañada de Verich 10.9 104 Bajo Aragón Teruel La Cerollera 33.7 121 Bajo Aragón Teruel La Codoñera 21.0 351 Bajo Aragón Teruel La Fresneda 39.5 462 Matarraña Teruel La Ginebrosa 80.1 239 Bajo Aragón Teruel La Portellada 21.4 274 Matarraña Teruel Lascuarre 31.9 147 Ribagorza Huesca Laspaúles 81.6 281 Ribagorza Huesca Lledó 15.6 181 Matarraña Teruel Maella 174.9 2,089 Bajo Aragón-Caspe Zaragoza Mazaleón 86.2 589 Matarraña Teruel Mequinenza 307.2 2,533 Bajo Cinca Zaragoza Monesma y Cajigar 62.6 111 Ribagorza Huesca Monroyo 79.2 307 Matarraña Teruel Montanuy 174.1 311 Ribagorza Huesca Nonaspe 111.4 1,055 Bajo Aragón-Caspe Zaragoza Peñarroya de Tastavins 83.3 488 Matarraña Teruel Peralta de Calasanz 114.9 261 La Litera Huesca Puente de Montañana 48.6 88 Ribagorza Huesca Ráfales 35.6 156 Matarraña Teruel San Esteban de Litera 71.9 512 La Litera Huesca Sopeira 44.1 102 Ribagorza Huesca Tamarite de Litera 110.6 3,678 La Litera Huesca Tolva 59.0 176 Ribagorza Huesca Torre de Arcas 34.3 93 Matarraña Teruel Torre del Compte 19.5 168 Matarraña Teruel Torre la Ribera 32.1 118 Ribagorza Huesca Torrente de Cinca 56.8 1,084 Bajo Cinca Huesca Torrevelilla 33.4 204 Bajo Aragón Teruel Valdeltormo 16.0 349 Matarraña Teruel Valderrobres 124.0 2,142 Matarraña Teruel Valjunquera 41.8 414 Matarraña Teruel Velilla de Cinca 16.5 469 Bajo Cinca Huesca Vencillón 10.4 471 La Litera Huesca Veracruz 63.8 111 Ribagorza Huesca Viacamp y Litera 107.7 25 Ribagorza Huesca Zaidín 92.6 1,822 Bajo Cinca Huesca 62 municipalities of Aragon 4,442.8 47,236 [edit]

Tags:Ebro,Psoe,Aguaviva,Bajo Aragón,Teruel,Albelda,Huesca,Alcampell,Altorricón,Arén,Arens De Lledó,Matarraña,Azanuy-alins,Baélls,Baldellou,Beceite,Belmonte De San José,Benabarre,Bonansa,Calaceite,Camporrélls,Castigaleu,Castillonroy,Cretas,Estopiñán Del Castillo,Fabara,Bajo Aragón-caspe,
According to the Institut d'Estudis Catalans
4> From the point of view of the Institut d'Estudis Catalans the territory is smaller, due to the fact the municipality of Torre la Ribera is not considered Catalan-speaking, and the municipalities of Azanuy-Alins, Isábena, Lascuarre and San Esteban de Litera are classified as transitional dialects. The Catalan-speaking lands are thus reduced to a total of 57 municipalities with an area of 4,137.2 km² with a population of 45,984. [edit]

Tags:
According to the Gran Enciclopedia Aragonesa
4> The situation is reversed according the Gran Enciclopedia Aragonesa (GEA) with the Franja having an area of 5,370 km² and with a population of 70,000. It should be mentioned that the GEA does not recognise the denomination Franja but discusses its situation under Catalan in Aragon, nor does it specify in how many or which municipalities where Catalan is clearly spoken nor the date of the census on which its figures are based. [edit]

Tags:
According to the
4> Municipality/Urban nucleus Area (km²) Population (2006) Benasque 233.6 2,045 Bisaurri 62.9 247 Castejón de Sos 31.8 733 Chía 26.1 113 Güell (1) 28.0 29 Laguarres (2) 33.0 71 Sahún 72.9 331 Sesué 5.2 125 Torres del Obispo (3) 32.0 163 Valle de Lierp 32.8 47 Villanova 6,9 154 8 municipalities and 3 nuclei 565.2 4,058 Franja de Aragon according to the Commission report 4.442,8 47,236 Total 70 municipalities y 3 nuclei according to the GREC 5.008,0 51,294 The Gran Geografia Comarcal of the Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana (GREC) classes the territorial area of the Franja de Aragon as larger than that defined by the Commission report although not as large as the GEA definition. All the municipalities which it adds to those of the Avant-project and of Ribagorza and therefore belong to the Province of Huesca. It adds a total of 8 municipalities and 3 population nuclei; Güell, Laguarres y Torres del Obispo, which form part of two municipalities; Graus in the case of the first and the third, and Capella the case of the second. The table to the right details the population nuclei and official area and population figures. (1) Population centres belonging to the municipality of Graus. Population figures according to Ayuntamiento (no date given), area according to GREC.net. (2) Population centres belonging to the municipality of Capella. Population 2004, area according to GREC.net. (3) Population centres belonging to the municipality of Graus. Population according to Ayuntamiento (no date given), area according to GREC.net. [edit]

Tags:
Comparative table and map according to sources
4> Source Nº munici- palities % of Aragon Area (km²) % of Aragon Population (2006) % of Aragon Avant-project of the Language Law 62 8.5 4,442.8 9.3 47,236 3.7 Institut d'Estudis Catalans (IEC) 57 7.8 4,137.2 8.3 45,984 3.6 Gran Enciclopedia Aragonesa (GEA)  ? - 5,370.0 11.3 70,000 5.5 Grupo Enciclopedia Catalana (GREC) 70 9.6 5,008.0 10.5 51,294 4.0 Total Aragon 730 100.0 47,719.2 100.0 1,277,471 100.0 [edit]

Tags:
Toponymy
4> Variations in the Catalan-speaking municipalities of Huesca There is no unitary policy on official toponymy in the Franja leading to great variations between the local comarcalización laws in comparrison with those proposed by the IEC. The following table details the translation of the toponymy in Spanish to the official version in the local vernacular and that proposed by the IEC. At the bottom are the municipalities which the GREC includes in its definition of the Franja and the poposed names which it offers opposed to the official names: Spanish (1) Local variety or linguistic vernacular according to the comarcalización law (1) Catalan according to the IEC (2) Aguaviva Aiguaviva de Bergantes Aiguaviva de Bergantes Albelda Albelda Albelda Alcampell El Campell El Campell Altorricón El Torricó El Torricó Arén Areny Areny de Noguera Arens de Lledó Arenys de Lledó Arenys de Lledó Azanuy-Alins Azanúy-Alins Sanui i Alins Baélls Baells Baells Baldellou Valdellou Valdellou Beceite Beseit Beseit Belmonte de San José Bellmunt de Mesquí Bellmunt de Mesquí Benabarre Benavarri Benavarri Bonansa Bonansa Bonansa Calaceite Calaceit Calaceit Camporrélls Camporrells Camporrells Castigaleu Castigaleu Castigaleu Castillonroy Castellonroi Castellonroi Cretas Queretes Cretes Estopiñán del Castillo Estopanyà Estopanyà Fabara Favara Favara de Matarranya Fayón Faió Faió Fórnoles Fórnols Fórnols de Matarranya Fraga Fraga Fraga Fuentespalda Fontdespatla Fondespatla Isábena Isàvena Isàvena La Cañada de Verich La Canyada de Beric La Canyada de Beric La Cerollera La Cerollera La Sorollera La Codoñera La Codonyera La Codonyera La Fresneda La Freixneda La Freixneda La Ginebrosa La Ginebrosa La Ginebrosa La Portellada La Portellada La Portellada Lascuarre Lascuarre Lasquarri Laspaúles Laspaúls Les Paüls Lledó Lledó Lledó d'Algars Maella Maella Maella Mazaleón Massalió Massalió Mequinenza Mequinensa Mequinensa Monesma y Cajigar Monesma i Caixigar Monesma i Queixigar Monroyo Montroig Mont-roig de Tastavins Montanuy Montanui Montanui Nonaspe Nonasp Nonasp Peñarroya de Tastavins Pena-roja de Tastavins Pena-roja Peralta de Calasanz Peralta de Calassanç Peralta de Calassanç Puente de Montañana El Pont de Montanyana El Pont de Montanyana Ráfales Ràfels Ràfels San Esteban de Litera San Esteban de Litera Sant Esteve de Llitera Sopeira Sopeira Sopeira Tamarite de Litera Tamarit de Llitera Tamarit de Llitera Tolva Tolba Tolba Torre de Arcas Torredarques Torredarques Torre del Compte La Torre del Comte La Torre del Comte Torre la Ribera Torre la Ribera Tor-la-ribera Torrente de Cinca Torrent de Cinca Torrent de Cinca Torrevelilla La Torre de Vilella La Torre de Vilella Valdeltormo La Vall del Tormo La Vall de Tormo Valderrobres Vall de Roures Vall-de-roures Valjunquera Valljunquera Valljunquera Velilla de Cinca Villella de Cinca Vilella de Cinca Vencillón Vensilló Vensilló Veracruz Veracruz Beranui Viacamp y Litera Viacamp i Lliterà Viacamp Zaidín Saidí Saidí Catalan according to the GREC (3) Benasque Benás Benasc Bisaurri Bisaurri Bissaürri Castejón de Sos Castilló de Sos Castilló de Sos Chía Chía Gia Sahún Sahún Saünc Sesué Sesué Sessué Valle de Lierp Valle de Lierp La Vall de Lierp Villanova Billanoba Vilanova d'Éssera (1) Sources of the official denominations in Spanish and local vernacular: Boletín Oficial de Aragón (BOA): Ley 10/2002, de 03 de mayo, de creación de la comarca del Bajo Aragón / Ley 12/2003, de 24 de marzo, de creación de la comarca del Bajo Aragón-Caspe / Ley 20/2002, de 07 de octubre, de creación de la comarca del Bajo Cinca / Ley 25/2002, de 12 de noviembre, de creación de la comarca de La Litera / Ley 07/2002, de 15 de abril, de creación de la comarca del Matarraña / Ley 12/2002, de 28 de mayo, de creación de la comarca de la Ribagorza. (2) Source of the denominations in Catalan according to the Institut d'Estudis Catalans (IEC): Lista de denominaciones en catalán aprobada por la Sección Filológica del IEC en reunión del día 15 de diciembre de de 1995, en la reunión de la Sección Filológica de 15 de enero de 1999 se decidió incluir en la lista el topónimo "Vensilló" al ser un municipio de nueva creación. En la primera reunión los municipios de Azanuy-Alins, Isábena, Lascuarre y San Esteban de Litera se excluyeron de la lista oficial de municipios de lengua catalana de la Franja de Aragón, listándose a parte como municipios pertenecientes a un área de transición lingüística. (3) Source of the denominations in Catalan according to the Grupo Enciclopedia Catalana: [2] [edit]

Tags:
Political sense
3> A graffiti on a road sign in Bisaurri. The road sign is written in Spanish and the graffiti says "En català" (In Catalan) The Political significance of La Franja goes hand in hand with the Catalanist political movement, which has always considered this part of Aragon as historical Catalonia, which through history has ended up detached from its cultural community, a community which is fundamental to the pan-Catalanic nation. This new interpretation as part of the political connotation ascribed to the Catalan Countries emerged throughout the 20th Century—and especially after the 1960s—encouraged in the main part by the Valencian Joan Fuster. Pan-Catalanism demands the creation of a nation-state for the Catalan Countries in which the cultural unity is based on the Catalan linguistic community. There has never been a political movement from the Franja promoting union with Catalonia, and separation from Aragon, in order to form a new political entity. In the same way, Catalanist political parties do not participate in municipal or regional elections. [edit]

Tags:
Socioeconomic sense
3> The socioeconomic meaning of the Franja relates to the economic region surrounding the Catalan city of Lleida, which encompasses Catalan-speaking Huescan and Zaragozan municipalities and excludes those in the region of Teruel and includes Spanish-speaking municipalities such as Alcolea de Cinca, Binéfar, Monzón, etc... The area of influence of Lleida is especially reflected in editions of the local Lleida press for example La Mañana-Franja de Ponent and also of Aragon as shown by the digital publication Franja Digital. [edit]

Tags:
References
2> ^ Vila, Pau (1929). "Les marques de Ponent. Els homes". La Publicitat.  ^ Moret, Héctor (1995). "Com en direm? A propòsit de la denominació de les comarques de llengua catalana de l'Aragó". Revista de Catalunya 96: 41.  ^ Justicia de Aragón (1998-04-22). "Sobre la transferencia de diversas parroquias procedentes de la Diócesis de Lérida a la Diócesis de Barbastro-Monzón". Boletín Oficial de las Cortes de Aragón, number 179. http://www.cortesaragon.es/bases/original.nsf/(BOCA1)/D4ABBF706B7D64F64125687B0028F049/$File/Boca179-3.pdf.

Tags:

z³ote monety