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| Origins of Qoph | |
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Semitic alphabets
Phoenician
(c.1050 – 200 BCE)
𐤀 𐤁 𐤂 𐤃 𐤄
𐤅 𐤆 𐤇 𐤈 𐤉
𐤊 𐤋 𐤌 𐤍 𐤎
𐤏 𐤐 𐤑 𐤒 𐤓
𐤔 𐤕
Semitic abjads
Hebrew
(400 BCE – present)
א ב ג ד ה ו
ז ח ט י כך
ל מם נן ס ע פף
צץ ק ר ש ת
History · Transliteration
Niqqud · Dagesh · Gematria
Cantillation · Numeration
Syriac
(200 BCE – present)
ܐ ܒ ܓ ܕ ܗ ܘ
ܙ ܚ ܛ ܝ ܟܟ ܠ
ܡܡ ܢܢ ܣ ܥ ܦ
ܨ ܩ ܪ ܫ ܬ
Arabic
(400 CE – present)
ا ب ت ث ج ح
خ د ذ ر ز س
ش ص ض ط ظ
ع غ ف ق ك
ل م ن ه و ي
History · Transliteration
Diacritics · Hamza ء
Numerals · Numeration
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The origin of Qoph is usually thought to be a sewing needle. Specifically the eye of needle, as the Paleo-Hebrew glyph strongly resembles a needle.(In Hebrew, Qoph, spelled in Hebrew letters as קוף, means "hole." It is also hypothesized that the Qoph could also be a monkey as they share the same spelling. There are two vocalizations for קוף. Qoph means monkey and Quph means needle.[1] Both pronunciations are common.
Others have proposed that it originated from a pictogram of someone's head and neck (Qaf in Arabic meant the nape); qaw is also reconstructed as a proto-Afro-Asiatic word for neck (ḫḫ in Egyptian), and in some dialects of Arabic, qoph is pronounced as a [hamza] ء, a glottal stop in the back of the throat - similar to the part of the throat used to make the sound of the qoph. In hieroglyphs, two determinatives for neck, F10 and F11 Gardiner's sign list#D. Parts of the Human Body (F12 for "nape"), are both vertical lines topped with heads with horns. F10 is a line underneath an ox head (and a cross toward the bottom of the line), which could conceivably have evolved into the Arabic aleph with a hamza on top (the pronounced (and sometimes written) Egyptian Arabic way of saying qaf). The Arabic hamza far more closely resembles the earlier iterations of Aleph Aleph than does the aleph character itself, which is just a vertical line on top of which the hamza can sit Aleph#Arabic Alif.
[edit] Tags:Phoenician,Hebrew,Syriac,Arabic,Gematria,Semitic Abjads,Q,Bce,𐤄,𐤉,𐤎,𐤓,𐤕,Transliteration,Numeration,ܘ,ܠ,ܦ,ܬ,ح,س,ظ,ك,ي,Hamza ,Sewing Needle,Paleo-hebrew,Nape,Hamza,Aleph,Edit,L,I,E,Egyptian Arabic,Glottal Stop,K,Alphabet,Niqqud,Spelling, | |
| Hebrew Qof | |
| 2>
Orthographic variants
Various Print Fonts
Cursive
Hebrew
Rashi
Script
Serif
Sans-serif
Monospaced
ק
ק
ק
Hebrew spelling: קוֹף
[edit] Tags:Orthographic,Cursive,Rashi,Sans-serif,Monospaced, | |
| Hebrew Pronunciation | |
| 3>
In modern Israeli Hebrew, Qof usually represents /k/; i.e., no distinction is made between Qof and Kaph. However, many historical groups have made that distinction, with Qof being pronounced [q] by Iraqi Jews and other Mizrahim, or even as [ɡ] by Yemenite Jews under the influence of Yemeni Arabic.
[edit] Tags:Modern Israeli Hebrew,Kaph,Iraqi Jews,Mizrahim,ɡ,Yemenite Jews,Yemeni Arabic,Mizrahi,Modern, | |
| Significance of Qof | |
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Qof in gematria represents the number 100. Sarah is described in Genesis Rabba as "בת ק' כבת כ' שנה לחטא", literally At Qof years of age, she was like Kaph years of age in sin (i.e. when she was 100 years old, she was as sinless as when she was 20).
Qof is used in an Israeli phrase: after a child will say something false, one might say "B'Shin Qoph, Resh" (With Shin, Qoph, Resh). These letters spell Sheqer, which is the Hebrew word for a lie. It would be akin to an English speaker saying "That's an L-I-E."
[edit] Tags:Resh,Sarah,Genesis Rabba,Shin, | |
| Arabic qāf | |
| 2>
The letter ق is named قاف qāf, and is written is several ways depending in its position in the word:
Position in word:
Isolated
Final
Medial
Initial
Form of letter:
ق
ـق
ـقـ
قـ
The text in the folio appears below in modern script. Note how the Qaf's and Fa's are rendered:
منكم فقد ضل سواء السبيل فيما نقضهم ميثـٰـقهم لعنـٰـهم وجعلنا قلوبهم قـٰـسية يحرفون الكلم عن مواضعه ونسوا حظاً مما ذكروا به ولا تزال تطلع
As noted above, Modern Standard Arabic has the voiceless uvular plosive /q/ as its standard pronunciation of the letter, but dialectical pronunciations vary as follows:
In Egyptian Arabic, as well as Levantine Arabic and forms of Moroccan Arabic from around Fes, the letter is often pronounced as the hamza or glottal stop [ʔ] but is approximated to [k] or preserved in several Modern Standard Arabic loanwords.
In Sa'idi (the Arabic of the Sa'id, Southern or Upper Egypt), in some rural areas of Jordan, in much if not most of the Maghreb and some forms of Yemeni Arabic, it is frequently pronounced as the voiced velar plosive [ɡ].
In Sudanese Arabic and some forms of Yemeni Arabic, it is pronounced as the voiced uvular plosive [ɢ].
In rural Palestinian Arabic it is often pronounced as the voiceless velar plosive [k].
In the United Arab Emirates and Gulf Arabic in general, it is often pronounced as the voiced postalveolar affricate [d͡ʒ].
In some variants of Maghrebi Arabic (especially North Tunisian Arabic and the Arabic of the Middle Atlas in Morocco), it retains its MSA pronunciation [q].
This variance has led to the confusion over the spelling of Libyan leader Muammar al-Gaddafi's name in Latin letters. In Western Arabic dialects the sound [q] is more preserved but can also be sometimes pronounced [ɡ] or as a simple [k] under Berber and French influence.
Position in word:
Isolated
Final
Medial
Initial
Form of letter:
ٯ
ـٯ
ـڧـ
ڧـ
The Maghrebi style of writing qaf is different. Once the prevalent style, it is now only used in Maghribi countries for writing Qur'an with the exception of Libya which adopted the Mashriqi form. There is no possibility of confusing it with the letter fa' as it is written with a dot underneath (ڢ) in the Maghribi script.[2]
[edit] Tags:Latin,Modern Standard Arabic,Voiceless Uvular Plosive,Levantine Arabic,Moroccan Arabic,Fes,Sa'idi,Upper Egypt,Jordan,Maghreb,Voiced Velar Plosive,Sudanese Arabic,Voiced Uvular Plosive,Palestinian Arabic,Voiceless Velar Plosive,United Arab Emirates,Gulf Arabic,Voiced Postalveolar Affricate,Maghrebi Arabic, | |
| References | |
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^ Milon. "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}". http://www.milon.co.il/general/general.php?term=%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A3.
^ Muhammad Ghoniem, M S M Saifullah, cAbd ar-Rahmân Robert Squires & cAbdus Samad, Are There Scribal Errors In The Qur'ân?, see qif on a traffic sign written ڧڢ which is written elsewhere as قف, Retrieved 2011-August-27
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Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qoph&oldid=474931623"
Categories: Phoenician alphabetArabic lettersHebrew alphabetHidden categories: Articles with incorrect citation syntaxArticles containing Arabic language textArticles containing Hebrew language textAll articles with unsourced statementsArticles with unsourced statements from November 2008
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