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| History | |
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Map of the Bombardment of Kagoshima on 15 to 18 August 1863
The city covered deep in ash after the 1914 eruption of the Sakurajima volcano which is seen in the distance across the bay
Kagoshima was the center of the territory of the Shimazu clan of samurai for many centuries. It was a busy political and commercial port city throughout the medieval period and into the Edo period (1603–1867) when it formally became the capital of the Shimazu's fief, the Satsuma Domain. The official emblem is designed Shimazu's kamon to shape of the character "市"(shi, means "city"). Satsuma remained one of the most powerful and wealthiest domains in the country throughout the period, and though international trade was banned for much of this period, the city remained quite active and prosperous. It served not only as the political center for Satsuma, but also for the semi-independent vassal kingdom of Ryūkyū; Ryukyuan traders and emissaries frequented the city, and a special Ryukyuan embassy building was established to help administer relations between the two polities and to house visitors and emissaries. Kagoshima was also a significant center of Christian activity in Japan prior to the imposition of bans against that religion in the late 16th and early 17th centuries.
Kagoshima was bombarded by the British Royal Navy in 1863 to punish the daimyō of Satsuma for the murder of Charles Lennox Richardson on the Tōkaidō highway the previous year and its refusal to pay an indemnity in compensation. (See 'Bombardment of Kagoshima').
Kagoshima was the birthplace and scene of the last stand of Saigō Takamori, a legendary figure in Meiji Japan in 1877 at the end of the Satsuma Rebellion.
Japan's industrial revolution is said to have started here, stimulated by the young students' train station. Seventeen young men of Satsuma broke the Tokugawa ban on foreign travel, traveling first to England and then the United States before returning to share the benefits of the best of Western science and technology.[citation needed] A statue was erected outside of the train station as a tribute to them. The city was officially founded on 1 April 1889.
Kagoshima was also the birthplace of Tōgō Heihachirō. After naval studies in England between 1871 and 1878, Togo's role as Chief Admiral of the Grand Fleet of the Imperial Japanese Navy in the Russo-Japanese War made him a legend in Japanese military history, and earned him the nickname 'Nelson of the Orient' in Britain. He led the Grand Fleet to two startling victories in 1904 and 1905, completely destroying Russia as a naval power in the East, and thereby contributing to the failed revolution in Russia in 1905.
The 1914 eruption of the volcano across the bay from the city spread ash throughout the municipality, but relatively little disruption ensued.[1]
On August 6, 1993, heavy torrential rain caused extensive flooding and landslides in the area including Ryugamizu, where 49 people lost their lives from the disaster.[citation needed]
Shinkansen (bullet train) service opened on 13 March 2004 between Kagoshima-chūō and Shin-Yatsushiro.
Sadomitsu Sakoguchi, the renowned Japanese diplomat, revolutionized Kagoshima's environmental economic plan with his dissertation on water pollution and orange harvesting.
Today, Kagoshima is home to a distinctive dialect of Japanese, differing from the usual Kyūshū dialects with its pronunciations of the yotsugana.
[edit] Tags:Sakurajima,Saigō Takamori,Country,Japan,Kyūshū,City,Shimazu Clan,Samurai,Edo Period,Fief,Satsuma Domain,Kamon,Banned,Ryūkyū,Ryukyuan,Ryukyuan Embassy Building,Royal Navy,Daimyō,Satsuma,Charles Lennox Richardson,Tōkaidō,Last Stand,Meiji,Satsuma Rebellion,Tokugawa,Tōgō Heihachirō,England,Imperial Japanese Navy,Russo-japanese War,Nelson,Revolution In Russia,Shin-yatsushiro,Yotsugana, | |
| Mergers | |
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On August 1, 1934 - the Villages of Yoshino, Nakagōriu and Nishitakeda, all from Kagoshima District, were merged into Kagoshima[2].
On October 1, 1950 - the Villages of Ishiki and Higashisakurajima, all from Kagoshima District, were merged into Kagoshima[2].
On April 29, 1967 - the Cities of Kagoshima and the Taniyama, merged and became city of new Kagoshima[3].
On November 1, 2004 - the Towns of Yoshida, Sakurajima, from Kagoshima District; Matsumoto, Koriyama, from Hioki District; Kiire from Ibusuki District, wer merged into Kagoshima.
[edit] Tags: | |
| Climate | |
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Kagoshima has a humid subtropical climate, marked by cool, relatively dry winters, warm, wet springs, hot, wet summers and mild, wet falls.
Climate data for Kagoshima, Japan (1971-2000)
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Average high °C (°F)
12.6
(54.7)
13.5
(56.3)
16.5
(61.7)
21.3
(70.3)
24.5
(76.1)
27.2
(81.0)
31.5
(88.7)
32.0
(89.6)
29.7
(85.5)
25.1
(77.2)
19.9
(67.8)
15.0
(59.0)
22.4
(72.3)
Daily mean °C (°F)
8.3
(46.9)
9.3
(48.7)
12.1
(53.8)
16.8
(62.2)
20.2
(68.4)
23.6
(74.5)
27.9
(82.2)
28.2
(82.8)
25.8
(78.4)
20.8
(69.4)
15.6
(60.1)
10.4
(50.7)
18.3
(64.9)
Average low °C (°F)
4.1
(39.4)
5.4
(41.7)
8.0
(46.4)
12.6
(54.7)
16.7
(62.1)
20.6
(69.1)
24.9
(76.8)
25.1
(77.2)
22.4
(72.3)
16.9
(62.4)
11.5
(52.7)
6.1
(43.0)
14.5
(58.1)
Precipitation mm (inches)
79.4
(3.126)
104.9
(4.13)
180.7
(7.114)
227.7
(8.965)
232.2
(9.142)
442.9
(17.437)
313.5
(12.343)
224.4
(8.835)
227.4
(8.953)
104.6
(4.118)
73.8
(2.906)
67.5
(2.657)
2,279.0
(89.724)
Snowfall cm (inches)
2
(0.8)
2
(0.8)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
5
(2)
% humidity
65
66
69
71
71
78
76
76
73
70
69
69
71
Avg. snowy days
2.2
2.6
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.7
5.9
Sunshine hours
136.9
129.1
145.7
160.5
171.0
122.4
191.1
206.7
168.8
183.4
152.0
151.3
1,918.9
Source: [4]
[edit] Tags:Climate, | |
| Points of interest | |
| 2>
Tenmonkan G3
Ishibashi Park
Kagoshima Aquarium
Kagoshima Botanical Garden
Tenmonkan shopping arcade
[edit] Tags:Aquarium, | |
| Festivals | |
| 2>
The Kagoshima Ohara Festival is the most famous festival in Kagoshima. It began in 1949 and is held annually on November 2 and 3. Among the festivities is a public traditional dance held at the main street in the Tenmonkan area, drawing as many as a thousand dancers.[citation needed]
[edit] Tags: | |
| Neighboring municipalities | |
| 2>
Kagoshima City Hall
Cities: Aira, Hioki, Ibusuki, Minamikyūshū, Minamisatsuma, Satsumasendai, Tarumizu
[edit] Tags: | |
| Railways | |
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All lines are operated by Kyushu Railway Company (JR Kyūshū)
Kyushu Shinkansen
Kagoshima Main Line
Nippo Main Line
Ibusuki Makurazaki Line
[edit] Tags:Kyushu Railway Company,Kyushu Shinkansen,Nippo Main Line,Ibusuki Makurazaki Line, | |
| Highways | |
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National Highway 3
National Highway 10
National Highway 58
National Highway 224
National Highway 225
National Highway 226
National Highway 328
Kyushu Expressway
Minami-Kyushu Expressway
Ibusuki Skyline
[edit] Tags:National Highway 3, | |
| Bus | |
| 3>
Kagoshima City Bus
Kagoshima Kotsu
Iwasaki Bus Network
Nangoku Kotsu
JR Kyushu bus
MTA Bus
[edit] Tags: | |
| Ferry/jetfoil | |
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Sakurajima Ferry
A Line (to southern islands)
Marix Line (to southern islands)
RKK Line (to Okinawa, cargo only)
Toppy (to Tanegashima and Yakushima)
Seahawk (to Koshikijima Islands)
[edit] Tags: | |
| Sister cities | |
| 2>
Kagoshima is sister cities with
Naples, Italy;
Perth, Australia;
Miami, United States;
and friendship cities with
Changsha, People's Republic of China
[edit] Tags:Naples, | |
| References | |
| 2>
^ "Kagoshima", Illustrated London News. 24 January 1914.
^ a b 角川日本地名大辞典 46 鹿児島県 p.678
^ 角川日本地名大辞典 46 鹿児島県 p.417
^ "気象庁 / 平年値（年・月ごとの値）". Japan Meteorological Agency. http://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/nml_sfc_ym.php?prec_no=88&prec_ch=%8E%AD%8E%99%93%87%8C%A7&block_no=47827&block_ch=%8E%AD%8E%99%93%87&year=&month=&day=&elm=normal&view=.
Amu Plaza Visitors Guide (2006) available in Amu Plaza, Chūō Station, Kagoshima, Japan
角川日本地名大辞典 46 鹿児島県. Kadokawa Shoten. 1983-03-08. ISBN 404001460X.
[edit] Tags: | |
| External links | |
| 2>
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Kagoshima, Kagoshima
Kagoshima Prefectural Visitors Bureau official website in English
Kagoshima travel guide from Wikitravel
Kagoshima official website in Japanese
Kagoshima Visitor's Guide from the Kagoshima Internationalization Council
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