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The Japonic (or Japanese–Ryukyuan) languages are:
Japanese (日本語)
Hachijō (conservative dialects of the Hachijōjima and Daitō Islands, including Aogashima)
Mainland Japanese
Eastern Japanese, most dialects from Nagoya east
Western Japanese, most dialects west of Nagoya
Kyūshū, Kyūshū
Satsugū, southern Kyūshū, around Satsuma, sometimes separated from Kyushu dialect
Ryukyuan (琉球語)
Amami–Okinawan
Amami (奄美語)
Northern Amami Oshima dialect
Southern Amami Oshima dialect
Kikai dialect
Tokunoshima dialect
Okinawan
Okinoerabu dialect
Yoron dialect
Kunigami (Northern Okinawan)(国頭語)
Shuri (Central Okinawan) (沖縄語)
Miyako (宮古語)
Miyako dialect
Irabu dialect
Yaeyama (八重山語)
Ishigaki dialect
Iriomote dialect
Taketomi dialect
Yonaguni (与那国語)
[edit] Tags:Japan,Japanese,Ryukyuan,Hachijōjima,Daitō Islands,Aogashima,Nagoya,Satsuma,Amami,Kikai,Tokunoshima,Okinoerabu,Yoron,Kunigami,Shuri,Miyako,Irabu,Yaeyama,Ishigaki,Iriomote,Taketomi,Yonaguni, | |
| Classification | |
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Main article: Classification of Japonic
The relationship of the Japonic (or Japanese-Ryukyuan) languages to other languages and language families is controversial. There are numerous hypotheses, none of which is generally accepted.
[edit] Tags:Language Families, | |
| Notes | |
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^ Shimabukuro, Moriyo. (2007). The Accentual History of the Japanese and Ryukyuan Languages: a Reconstruction, p. 1.
^ Miyake, Marc Hideo. (2008). Old Japanese: a Phonetic Reconstruction. p. 66. at Google Books
^ Heinrich, Patrick. "What leaves a mark should no longer stain: Progressive erasure and reversing language shift activities in the Ryukyu Islands," First International Small Island Cultures Conference at Kagoshima University, Centre for the Pacific Islands, February 7–10, 2005; citing Shiro Hattori. (1954) Gengo nendaigaku sunawachi goi tokeigaku no hoho ni tsuite ("Concerning the Method of Glottochronology and Lexicostatistics"), Gengo kenkyu (Journal of the Linguistic Society of Japan), Vols. 26/27.
^ Blench, Roger M. (2008). Archaeology and language, Vol. 2 , p. 201. at Google Books
^ Christopher I. Beckwith, Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present (Princeton University Press, 2009: ISBN 978-0-691-13589-2), p. 105.
[edit] Tags:Ryukyuan Languages,Ryukyu Islands,Shiro Hattori,Google Books,Kagoshima University,Isbn 978-0-691-13589-2,Miyake, Marc Hideo,Asia, | |
| References | |
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Miyake, Marc Hideo. (2008). Old Japanese: a Phonetic Reconstruction. London: RoutldegeCurzon. 10-ISBN 0415305756/13-ISBN 9780415305754; OCLC 51163755
Shimabukuro, Moriyo. (2007). The Accentual History of the Japanese and Ryukyuan Languages: a Reconstruction. London: Global Oriental. 10-ISBN 190190363X/13-ISBN 9781901903638; OCLC 149189163
[edit] Tags:Isbn 0415305756,Isbn 190190363x, | |
| External links | |
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Ethnologue report for the Japanese language family
The LINGUIST List MultiTree Project: Japonic Family Trees
v
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e
Altaic languages
Turkic · Mongolic · Tungusic · Korean1 · Japonic1
1 Not always recognized as Altaic languages. See also Buyeo languages.
v
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Languages of Asia
Sovereign
states
Afghanistan
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Brunei
Burma (Myanmar)
Cambodia
People's Republic of China
Cyprus
East Timor (Timor-Leste)
Egypt
Georgia
India
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
North Korea
South Korea
Kuwait
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Laos
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States with limited
recognition
Abkhazia
Nagorno-Karabakh
Northern Cyprus
Palestine
Republic of China (Taiwan)
South Ossetia
Dependencies and
other territories
Christmas Island
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Hong Kong
Macau
v
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e
List of primary demonstrated language families
Africa
Afro-Asiatic · Austronesian · Khoe · Kx'a · Mande · Niger–Congo · Nilo-Saharan · Songhay · Tuu · Ubangian
Isolates
Bangime · Hadza · Sandawe
Europe and Asia
Afro-Asiatic · Ainu · Austro-Asiatic · Austronesian · Chukotko-Kamchatkan · Dené–Yeniseian · Dravidian · Eskimo–Aleut · Great Andamanese · Hmong–Mien · Hurro-Urartian · Indo-European · Japonic · Kartvelian · Tai–Kadai · Mongolic · Northeast Caucasian · Northwest Caucasian · Ongan · Sino-Tibetan · Tungusic · Turkic · Tyrsenian · Uralic · Yukaghir · Altaic?
Isolates
Basque · Burushaski · Elamite · Korean · Kusunda · Nihali · Nivkh · Sumerian
Sign Languages
British · French · German · Japanese · Swedish · Chinese · Indian · Other sign languages
New Guinea
and the Pacific
Amto–Musan · Austronesian · Baining · Bayono–Awbono · Border (Tami) · Central Solomons · East Bird's Head – Sentani · East Geelvink Bay · Eastern Trans-Fly · Fas · Kwomtari · Lakes Plain · Left May · Lower Mamberamo · Mairasi · Nimboran · North Bougainville · Piawi · Ramu – Lower Sepik · Senagi · Sepik · Skou · South Bougainville · South-Central Papuan · Tor–Kwerba · Torricelli · Trans–New Guinea · West Papuan · Yawa · Yuat · Yele – West New Britain?
Isolates
Abinomn · Busa · Kol · Kuot · Pyu · Taiap · Yalë · Yuri · Isirawa? · Massep? · Sulka?
Australia
Bunuban · Burarran · Daly · Giimbiyu (Mangerrian) · Gunwinyguan · Iwaidjan · Jarrakan · Limilngan · Mirndi · Nyulnyulan · Pama–Nyungan · Tankic · Tasmanian · Worrorran.
Isolates
Enindhilyagwa · Gaagudju · Laragiya? · Ngurmbur · Tiwi · Umbugarla?
North America
Algic · Alsean · Caddoan · Chimakuan · Chinookan · Chumashan · Comecrudan · Coosan · Dené–Yeniseian · Eskimo–Aleut · Iroquoian · Kalapuyan · Keresan · Maiduan · Muskogean · Palaihnihan · Plateau Penutian · Pomoan · Salishan · Shastan · Siouan · Tanoan · Tsimshianic · Utian · Uto-Aztecan · Wakashan · Wintuan · Yokutsan · Yuman · Yuki–Wappo?
Isolates
Chimariko · Haida · Karuk · Kutenai · Siuslaw · Takelma · Timucua · Washo · Yana · Yuchi · Zuni
Mesoamerica
Chibchan · Mayan · Misumalpan · Mixe–Zoque · Oto-Manguean · Tequistlatecan · Totonacan · Uto-Aztecan · Toto-Zoquean?
Isolates
Cuitlatec · Huave · Jicaque · Lenca? · Seri · Tarascan · Xinca
South America
Alacalufan · Arawakan · Arauan · Araucanian · Arutani–Sape · Aymaran · Barbacoan · Bororoan · Cahuapanan · Cariban · Catacaoan · Chapacuran · Charruan · Chibchan · Choco · Chonan · Guaicuruan · Guajiboan · Jê (Gê) · Harakmbut · Jirajaran · Jivaroan · Kariri · Katembri–Taruma · Katukinan · Mascoian · Matacoan · Maxakalian · Muran · Nadahup · Nambikwaran · Otomákoan · Pano–Tacanan · Peba–Yaguan · Purian · Quechuan · Saliban · Tiniguan · Tucanoan · Tupian · Uru–Chipaya · Witotoan · Yabutian · Yanomaman · Zamucoan · Zaparoan · Chimuan? · Esmeralda–Yaruro? · Hibito–Cholón? · Lule–Vilela? · Macro-Gê? · Tequiraca–Canichana?
Isolates (extant in 2000)
Aikana? · Andoque? · Borowa · Camsa · Candoshi · Cofan? · Fulniô · Joti · Irantxe? · Itonama · Karajá · Krenak · Leco · Movima · Nukak? · Ofayé · Puinave · Rikbaktsa · Huaorani · Ticuna · Trumai · Warao · Yamana · Yuracare
See also
Language isolates · Unclassified languages · Creoles · Pidgins · Mixed languages · Artificial languages · Sign languages
Families in bold represent the largest. Families in italics have no living members.
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japonic_languages&oldid=469552605"
Categories: Buyeo languagesJaponic languagesHidden categories: Articles containing Japanese language text
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Tags:Isolate,Altaic,Korea,Altaic Languages,Buyeo Languages,Languages Of Asia,Sovereign,Afghanistan,Armenia,Azerbaijan,Bahrain,Bangladesh,Bhutan,Brunei,Burma (myanmar),Cambodia,People's Republic Of China,Cyprus,East Timor (timor-leste),Egypt,Georgia,India,Indonesia,Iran,Iraq,Israel,Jordan,Kazakhstan,North Korea,South Korea,Kuwait,Kyrgyzstan,Laos,Lebanon,Malaysia,Maldives,Mongolia,Nepal,Oman,Pakistan,Philippines,Qatar,Russia,Saudi Arabia,Singapore,Sri Lanka,Syria,Tajikistan,Thailand,Turkey,Turkmenistan,United Arab Emirates, | |
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