Guernsey Photos:

Guernsey
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Guernsey Basic Informations:

Etymology
2> The name of Guernsey, as well as that of neighbouring Jersey, is of Old Norse origin. The second element of Guernsey (-ey) is the Old Norse for "island". The first element is uncertain, traditionally taken to mean "green," but perhaps rather representing an Old Norse personal name, possibly Grani's.[3][unreliable source?] [edit]

Tags:Jersey,
History
2> Rising sea levels caused by prehistoric global warming transformed Guernsey from being the tip of a peninsula jutting out into the emergent English Channel around 6000 BC, into an island when it and other promontories were cut off from continental Europe.[4] At this time, Neolithic farmers settled the coasts and built the dolmens and menhirs that dot the islands. The island of Guernsey contains three sculpted menhirs of great archaeological interest; the dolmen known as L'Autel du Dehus also contains a dolmen deity known as Le Gardien du Tombeau.[5] During their migration to Brittany, the Britons occupied the Lenur Islands (former name of the Channel Islands[6] including Sarnia or Lisia (Guernsey) and Angia (Jersey). It was formerly thought that the island's original name was Sarnia, but recent research indicates that might have been the Latin name for Sark; although Sarnia remains the island's traditional designation. Coming from the Kingdom of Gwent, Saint Sampson (abbot of Dol, in Brittany) is credited with the introduction of Christianity to Guernsey.[7] In 933 the islands, formerly under the control of William I, then Duchy of Brittany were annexed by the Duchy of Normandy. The island of Guernsey and the other Channel Islands represent the last remnants of the medieval Duchy of Normandy.[7] In the islands, Elizabeth II's traditional title as head of state is Duke of Normandy.[8] During the Middle Ages the island was repeatedly attacked by continental pirates and naval forces, especially during the Hundred Years War when the island was occupied by the Capetians on several occasions, the first being in 1339.[7] In 1372 the island was invaded by Aragonese mercenaries under the command of Owain Lawgoch (remembered as Yvon de Galles), who was in the pay of the French king. Lawgoch and his dark-haired mercenaries were later absorbed into Guernsey legend as an invasion by fairies from across the sea.[9] Castle Cornet seen at night over the boat harbour of St Peter Port During the English Civil War, Guernsey sided with Parliament, while Jersey remained Royalist.[citation needed] Guernsey's decision was mainly related to the higher proportion of Calvinists and other Reformed churches, as well as Charles I's refusal to take up the case of some Guernsey seamen who had been captured by the Barbary corsairs.[citation needed] The allegiance was not total, however; there were a few Royalist uprisings in the southwest of the island, while Castle Cornet was occupied by the Governor, Sir Peter Osborne, and Royalist troops. Castle Cornet, which had been built to protect Guernsey, was turned on by the town of St. Peter Port, who constantly bombarded it. It was the last Royalist stronghold to capitulate, in 1651,[10] and was also the focus of a failed invasion attempt by Louis XIV of France in 1704. During the wars with France and Spain during the 17th and 18th centuries, Guernsey shipowners and sea captains exploited their proximity to mainland Europe, applying for Letters of Marque and turning their merchantmen into privateers. By the beginning of the 18th century Guernsey's residents were starting to settle in North America.[11] The 19th century saw a dramatic increase in prosperity of the island, due to its success in the global maritime trade, and the rise of the stone industry. One notable Guernseyman, William Le Lacheur, established the Costa Rican coffee trade with Europe.[12] During World War I approximately 3,000 island men served in the British Expeditionary Force. Of these, about 1,000 served in the Royal Guernsey Light Infantry regiment which was formed from the Royal Guernsey Militia in 1916.[13] The Bailiwick of Guernsey was occupied by German troops in World War II. Before the occupation, many Guernsey children were evacuated to England to live with relatives or strangers during the war. Some children were never reunited with their families.[14] Guernsey island, seen from 33,000 feet. North is to the approximate top left. During the occupation, some people from Guernsey were deported by the Germans to camps in the southwest of Germany, notably to Biberach an der Riß and interned in the Lindele Camp ("Lager Lindele"). There was also a concentration camp built in Alderney where forced labourers, predominantly from Eastern Europe, were kept. It was the only concentration camp built on British soil and is commemorated on memorials under Alderney's name in French: 'Aurigny'. Among those deported was Ambrose (later Sir Ambrose) Sherwill, who, as the President of the States Controlling Committee, was de facto head of the civilian population. Sir Ambrose, who was Guernsey-born, had served in the British Army during the First World War and later became Bailiff of Guernsey. Certain laws were passed at the insistence of the occupying forces; for example, a reward was offered to informants who reported anyone for painting "V-for Victory" signs on walls and buildings, a practice that had become popular among islanders who wished to express their loyalty to Britain.[citation needed] Three islanders of Jewish descent were deported to Auschwitz, never to return.[15] Guernsey was very heavily fortified during World War II by 4x Russian 305mm guns made in 1911[16] out of all proportion to its strategic value. There are German defences visible all round the coast and additions were made to Castle Cornet and a windmill. Hitler became obsessed with the idea that the Allies would try to regain the islands at any price, and over 20% of the material that went into the Atlantic Wall was committed to the Channel Islands. 47,000 sq m of concrete were used on gun bases.[16] Most of the German fortifications remain intact; although the majority of them are on private property, several are open to the public.[17][18] v d e History of Europe Prehistoric Europe Paleolithic Europe Neolithic Europe Bronze Age Europe Iron Age Europe Classical Antiquity Classical Greece Roman Republic Hellenistic period Roman Empire Late Antiquity Early Christianity Crisis of the 3rd century Fall of the Roman Empire Middle Ages Early Middle Ages Migration Period Byzantine Empire Christianization Kievan Rus High Middle Ages Holy Roman Empire Crusades Feudalism Late Middle Ages Hundred Years' War Renaissance Early Modern Europe Reformation Age of Discovery Baroque Thirty Years' War Absolutism Ottoman Empire Portuguese Empire Spanish Empire Early modern France Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Swedish Empire Dutch Republic British Empire Habsburg Empire Russian Empire Modern history Age of Enlightenment Great Divergence French Revolution Napoleonic Wars Nationalism Serbian revolution Revolutions of 1848 Industrialisation World War I October Revolution Interbellum World War II Cold War European integration See also Genetic history of Europe History of Western civilization History of the Mediterranean region Military history of Europe Western art history Maritime history of Europe History of the European Union [edit]

Tags:Duke,Utc,English Channel,Normandy,Bailiwick,Alderney,Sark,Channel Islands,Peninsula,Continental Europe,Neolithic,Dolmens,Sculpted Menhirs,Dolmen Deity,Brittany,Kingdom Of Gwent,Sampson,William I,Duchy Of Brittany,Elizabeth Ii,Head Of State,Duke Of Normandy,Middle Ages,Hundred Years War,Capetians,1339,Aragonese,Fairies,Castle Cornet,St Peter Port,Parliament,Royalist,Calvinists,Barbary Corsairs,Letters Of Marque,Merchantmen,William Le Lacheur,Costa Rican,World War I,British Expeditionary Force,Occupied By German Troops,Biberach An Der Riß,British Army,Auschwitz,Windmill,Hitler,Atlantic Wall,History Of Europe,Prehistoric Europe,Paleolithic Europe,Neolithic Europe,Bronze Age Europe,Iron Age Europe,Classical Antiquity,Classical Greece,Roman Republic,Hellenistic Period,Roman Empire,Late Antiquity,Early Christianity,Crisis Of The 3rd Century,Fall Of The Roman Empire,Early Middle Ages,Migration Period,Byzantine Empire,
Politics
2> Main article: Politics of Guernsey The deliberative assembly of the States of Guernsey (French: les États de Guernesey) is called the States of Deliberation (French: Les États de Délibération) and consists of 45 People's Deputies, elected from multi- or single-member districts every four years. There are also two representatives from Alderney, a semi-autonomous dependency of the Bailiwick, but Sark sends no representative. The Bailiff or Deputy Bailiff preside in the assembly. There are also two non-voting members: H.M. Procureur (Attorney General) and H.M. Comptroller (Solicitor General), both appointed by the Crown and collectively known as the Law Officers of the Crown. A Projet de Loi is the equivalent of a UK Bill or a French projet de loi, and a Law is the equivalent of a UK Act of Parliament or a French loi. A draft Law passed by the States can have no legal effect until formally approved by Her Majesty in Council and promulgated by means of an Order-in-Council. Laws are given the Royal Sanction at regular meetings of the Privy Council in London, after which they are returned to the Islands for formal registration at the Royal Court. The States also make delegated legislation known as 'Ordinances (Ordonnances)' and 'Orders (Ordres)' which do not require Royal Assent. Commencement orders are usually in the form of Ordinances. The Lieutenant Governor is the representative of "the Crown in right of the république of the Bailiwick of Guernsey".[19] The official residence of the Lieutenant Governor is Government House. Since 15 April 2011 the incumbent has been Air Marshal Peter Walker. Each parish is administered by a Douzaine. Douzeniers are elected for a six year mandate, two Douzeniers being elected by parishioners at a parish meeting in November each year. The senior Douzenier is known as the Doyen (Dean). Two elected Constables (French: Connétables) carry out the decisions of the Douzaine, serving for between one and three years. The longest serving Constable is known as the Senior Constable and his or her colleague as the Junior Constable. The legal system is Guernsey customary derived from Norman French customary law, heavily influenced and overlaid by English common law, justice being administered through a combination of the Magistrates' Court and the Royal Court. Members of Guerney's legal profession are known as Advocates (French: Avocats), there being no distinction between solicitors and barristers as in England and Wales: Guernsey Advocates fulfil both roles. The Royal Court of Guernsey (French: la Cour Royale de Guernesey) is made up of the Bailiff (French: le Bailli), who presides and determines issues of law, and between twelve and sixteen Jurats (French: Jurés-Justiciers de la Cour Royale), who determine issues of fact and are elected to office by an electoral college known as the States of Election (French: les États d'Élection). Appeals lie from the Royal Court to the Guernsey Court of Appeal and thereafter to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council.[20] Several European countries have consulate presence in the island. The French Consulate is based at Victor Hugo's former residence at Hauteville House. The German Honorary Consulate is based at local design and advertising agency Betley Whitehorne. While Guernsey has complete autonomy over internal affairs and certain external matters, the topic of complete independence from the British Crown has been discussed widely and frequently, with ideas ranging from Guernsey obtaining independence as a Dominion to the bailiwicks of Guernsey and Jersey uniting and forming an independent Federal State within the Commonwealth, whereby both islands retain their independence with regards to domestic affairs but internationally, the islands would be regarded as one state.[7] [edit]

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Geography
2> The Bailiwick of Guernsey Guernsey coastal rocks At 49°28′N 2°35′W / 49.467°N 2.583°W / 49.467; -2.583, Alderney, Guernsey, Herm, Sark, and some other smaller islands have a total area of 30 square miles (78 km2) and a coastline of about 30 miles (48 km). By itself, the island of Guernsey has a total area of 25 square miles (65 km2). Guernsey is situated 30 miles (48 km) west of France's Normandy coast and 75 miles (121 km) south of Weymouth, England and lies in the Gulf of St Malo. Lihou, a tidal island, is attached to Guernsey by a causeway at low tide. The terrain is mostly level with low hills in southwest.[citation needed] The southeastern point is Jerbourg Point, used by the Germans during World War II. Elevation varies across the bailiwick from sea level to 375 ft (114 m) at Le Moulin on Sark. The highest point in mainland Guernsey is Hautnez (363 ft/111 m), in Alderney at Le Rond But (306 ft/93 m), in Jethou (248 ft/76 m) and Herm (322 ft/98 m). Natural resources include cropland.[citation needed] Guernsey contains two main geographical regions, the Haut Pas, a high southern plateau, and the Bas Pas, a low-lying and sandy northern region. In general terms, the Haut Pas is the more rural of the two, and the Bas Pas is more residential and industrialised. There is a large, deepwater harbour at St Peter Port. The Casquets, a group of islets, are notable for the lighthouse facility constructed there. [edit]

Tags:/,Herm,Jethou,
Climate
3> The climate is temperate with mild winters and warm sunny summers. The warmest months are July and August, when temperatures are generally around 20 °C (68 Â°F) but occasionally reach 24 °C (75 Â°F). On average, the coldest month is February with an average weekly mean air temperature of 6 °C (42.8 Â°F). Average weekly mean air temperature reaches 16 °C (60.8 Â°F) in August. Snow rarely falls and is unlikely to settle, but is most likely to fall in February. The temperature rarely drops below freezing, although strong wind-chill from Arctic winds can sometimes make it feel like it. The rainiest months are December (average 108 mm/4.3 in, November (average 98 mm/3.86 in) and January (average 89 mm/3.50 in). July is on average the sunniest month with 250 hours recorded sunshine; December the least with 50 hours recorded sunshine.[21] 50% of the days are overcast. Climate data for Guernsey Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Average high °C (°F) 9 (48) 8 (46) 10 (50) 12 (54) 15 (59) 17 (63) 20 (68) 20 (68) 18 (64) 15 (59) 12 (54) 10 (50) 13.8 (56.8) Average low °C (°F) 5 (41) 4 (39) 5 (41) 6 (43) 9 (48) 11 (52) 13 (55) 14 (57) 13 (55) 11 (52) 8 (46) 6 (43) 8.8 (47.8) Precipitation mm (inches) 92 (3.62) 75 (2.95) 67 (2.64) 49 (1.93) 48 (1.89) 44 (1.73) 37 (1.46) 45 (1.77) 63 (2.48) 81 (3.19) 98 (3.86) 100 (3.94) 799 (31.46) Sunshine hours 59 82 134 193 232 240 258 226 164 121 70 52 1,831 Source: Climate Data for Guernsey[22] [edit]

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Parishes
2> Guernsey is divided into ten parishes. The smaller islands of Alderney and Sark are not parishes of Guernsey, except in ecclesiastical terms (like Guernsey, their parishes fall under the Bishopric of Winchester and their respective parish churches are Saint Anne and Saint Peter). Parish Population (2001) Area (vergees) Area (km²) Area (sq mi) 1. Castel &100000000000089750000008,975 &100000000000062240000006,224 10.200 3.938 2. Forest &100000000000015490000001,549 &100000000000025080000002,508 4.110 1.587 3. St Andrew &100000000000024090000002,409 &100000000000027520000002,752 4.510 1.741 4. St Martin &100000000000062670000006,267 &100000000000044790000004,479 7.340 2.834 5. St Peter Port &1000000000001648800000016,488 &100000000000040740000004,074 6.677 2.578 6. St Pierre du Bois &100000000000021880000002,188 &100000000000038180000003,818 6.257 2.416 7. St Sampson &100000000000085920000008,592 &100000000000036870000003,687 6.042 2.333 8. St Saviour &100000000000026960000002,696 &100000000000038920000003,892 6.378 2.463 9. Torteval &10000000000000973000000973 &100000000000019010000001,901 3.115 1.203 10. Vale &100000000000095730000009,573 &100000000000054620000005,462 8.951 3.456 The parishes of Guernsey. [edit]

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