Glottal stop Photos:

Glottal stop
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Glottal stop
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Glottal stop
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Glottal stop
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Glottal stop Basic Informations:

Phonetic and phonological features
2> Features of the glottal stop: Its manner of articulation is stop, or plosive, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. (The term plosive contrasts with nasal stops, where the blocked airflow is redirected through the nose.) Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibration of the vocal cords; necessarily so, because the vocal cords are held tightly together, preventing vibration. It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only. Because the sound is not produced with airflow over the tongue, the central–lateral dichotomy does not apply. The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds. [edit]

Tags:Voiceless,Glottal,Plosive,Manner Of Articulation,Stop,Nasal Stops,Phonation,Oral Consonant,Central,Lateral,Airstream Mechanism,Pulmonic,Lungs,Diaphragm,Manner,Nasal,M,N,P,B,T,D,C,K,F,V,S,H,R,L,
Phonology and symbolization of the glottal stop in selected languages
2> While this segment is not a written[1] phoneme in English, it is present phonetically in nearly all dialects of English as an allophone of /t/ in the syllable coda. Speakers of Cockney, Scottish English and several other British dialects also pronounce an intervocalic /t/ between vowels as in city. Standard English inserts a glottal stop before a tautosyllabic voiceless plosive, e.g. sto’p, tha’t, kno’ck, wa’tch, also lea’p, soa’k, hel’p, pin’ch.[2] In many languages that don't allow a sequence of vowels, such as Persian, the glottal stop may be used to break up such a hiatus. There are intricate interactions between falling tone and the glottal stop in the histories of such languages as Danish (cf. stød), Chinese and Thai.[citation needed] In the traditional Romanization of many languages, such as Arabic, the glottal stop is transcribed with an apostrophe, ⟨’⟩, and this is the source of the IPA character ⟨ʔ⟩. In many Polynesian languages that use the Latin alphabet, however, the glottal stop is written with a reversed apostrophe, ⟨‘⟩ (called ‘okina in Hawaiian), which, confusingly, is also used to transcribe the Arabic ayin and is the source of the IPA character for the voiced pharyngeal fricative ⟨ʕ⟩. In Malay the glottal stop is represented by the letter ⟨k⟩, in Võro and Maltese by ⟨q⟩. Other scripts also have letters used for representing the glottal stop, such as the Hebrew letter aleph ⟨א⟩, and the Cyrillic letter palochka ⟨Ӏ⟩ used in several Caucasian languages. In Tundra Nenets it is represented by the letters apostrophe ⟨ʼ⟩ and double apostrophe ⟨ˮ⟩. In Japanese, glottal stops occur at the end of interjections of surprise or anger, and are represented by the character っ. In the graphic representation of most Philippine languages, the glottal stop has no consistent symbolization. In most cases, however, a word that begins with a vowel-letter (e.g. Tagalog aso 'dog') is always pronounced with an unrepresented glottal stop before that vowel (as also in Modern German and Hausa). Some orthographies employ a hyphen, instead of the reverse apostrophe, if the glottal stop occurs in the middle of the word (e.g. Tagalog pag-ibig 'love'). When it occurs in the end of a Tagalog word, the last vowel is written with a circumflex accent (if the accent is on the last syllable) or a grave accent (if the accent occurs at the penultimate syllable). Some Canadian indigenous languages have adopted the phonetic symbol "ʔ" itself as part of their orthographies. In some of them, it occurs as a pair of uppercase and lowercase characters, Ɂ and ɂ.[3] [edit]

Tags:Languages,Hawai,Segment,Phoneme,Allophone,Cockney,Tautosyllabic,Persian,Hiatus,Tone,Danish,Stød,Chinese,Thai,Romanization,‘okina,Hawaiian,Ayin,Voiced Pharyngeal Fricative,Malay,Võro,Maltese,Hebrew Letter,Aleph,Cyrillic,Palochka,Caucasian Languages,Tundra Nenets,Apostrophe,Double Apostrophe,Japanese,っ,Philippine Languages,German,Hausa,Circumflex Accent,Grave Accent,Ipa,Arabic,Q,English,Ga,Rp,Dialects,Hebrew,Nenets,Tagalog,Fricative,Z,X,ʕ,
Occurrence
2> Language Word IPA Meaning Notes Abkhaz аи [ʔaj] 'no' See Abkhaz phonology Arabic Standard[4] أغاني [ʔaˈɣaːniː] 'songs' See Arabic phonology, Hamza Metropolitan dialects[5] شقة [ˈʃæʔʔæ] 'apartment' Metropolitan dialects including Egyptian Arabic. Corresponds to /q/ in Literary Arabic. Bikol ba-go [ˈbaːʔɡo] 'new' Burmese မြစ်များ [mjiʔ mjà] 'rivers' Cebuano tubo [ˈtuboʔo] 'to grow' Chamorro halu'u [həluʔu] 'shark' Chechen кхоъ / qo' [qoʔ] 'three' Chinese Wu 一级了/ iqciqlheq [ʔiɪʔ.tɕiɪʔ.ʔləʔ] 'superb' Chintang [caʔwa] 'water' Danish hånd [hɞnʔ] 'hand' See Danish phonology Dutch[6] beamen [bəʔˈaːmə(n)] 'to confirm' See Dutch phonology English Cockney[7] cat [kʰɛ̝ʔ] 'cat' Allophone of /t/. See glottalization and English phonology GA [kʰæʔ(t)] RP, North American[8] button [bʌʔn̩] 'button' Finnish linja-auto [ˈlinjɑʔˌɑuto] 'bus' See Finnish phonology French haut [ʔo] 'high' Some speakers. See French phonology German northern dialects Beamter [bəˈʔamtɐ] 'civil servant' See German phonology western dialects Verwaltung [ˌfɔʔˈvaltʊŋ] 'management' Guaraní avañe’ẽ [aʋaɲẽˈʔẽ] 'Guaraní' Occurs only between vowels Hawaiian[9] ʻeleʻele [ˈʔɛlɛˈʔɛlɛ] 'black' See Hawaiian phonology Hebrew מאמר [maʔamaʁ] 'article' See Modern Hebrew phonology Javanese[10] anak [anaʔ] 'child' Allophone of /k/ in morpheme-final position Indonesian bakso [ˌbaʔˈso] 'meatball' Allophone of /k/ or /ɡ/ in the syllable coda Kabardian Iэ [ʔɛ] 'to tell' Kagayanen[11] ? [saˈʔaɡ] 'floor' Korean 일등/ildeung [ʔilt̤ɯŋ] 'the first place' See Korean phonology Malay tidak [ˈtidaʔ] 'no' Allophone of final /k/ in the syllable coda, pronounced before consonants or at end of word Maltese qattus [ˈʔattus] 'cat' Nahuatl tahtli [taʔtɬi] 'father' Often left unwritten Nenets Tundra Nenets выʼ [wɨʔ] 'tundra' Nez Perce yáakaʔ [ˈjaːkaʔ] 'black bear' Persian معني [maʔni] 'meaning' See Persian phonology Pirahã baíxi [ˈmàí̯ʔì] 'parent' Rotuman[12] ʻusu [ʔusu] 'to box' Seri he [ʔɛ] 'I' Tagalog iihi [ˌʔiːˈʔiːhɛʔ] 'will urinate' See Tagalog phonology Tahitian puaʻa [puaʔa] 'pig' Tongan tuʻu [tuʔu] 'stand' Vietnamese[13] oi [ʔɔj] 'sultry' In free variation with no glottal stop. See Vietnamese phonology Võro piniq [ˈpinʲiʔ] 'dogs' q is Võro plural marker (maa, kala 'land, fish'; maaq, kalaq 'lands, fishes') Wallisian maʻuli [maʔuli] 'life' Welayta [ʔirʈa] 'wet' [edit]

Tags:Abkhaz,аи,Abkhaz Phonology,أغاني,Arabic Phonology,Hamza,شقة,Egyptian Arabic,Literary Arabic,Bikol,Burmese,မြစ်များ,Cebuano,Chamorro,Chechen,кхоъ,Wu,一级了,Chintang,Danish Phonology,Dutch,Dutch Phonology,Glottalization,English Phonology,North American,Finnish,Finnish Phonology,French,French Phonology,German Phonology,Guaraní,Hawaiian Phonology,מ,Modern Hebrew Phonology,Javanese,Morpheme,Indonesian,Kabardian,Kagayanen,?,Korean,일등,Korean Phonology,Nahuatl,вы,Nez Perce,معني,Persian Phonology,Pirahã,Rotuman,Seri,Tagalog Phonology,Tahitian,Tongan,Vietnamese,Free Variation,Vietnamese Phonology,Wallisian,Welayta,
References
2> ^ Kortlandt, Frederik (1993). "General Linguistics & Indo-European Reconstruction" (PDF). http://www.kortlandt.nl/publications/art130e.pdf.  ^ Brown, Gillian. 1977:27. Listening to spoken English. London: Longman. ^ "Proposal to add LATIN SMALL LETTER GLOTTAL STOP to the UCS". 2005-08-10. http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n2962.pdf. Retrieved 2011-10-26.  ^ Thelwall (1990:37) ^ Watson (2002:17) ^ Gussenhoven (1992:45) ^ Sivertson (1960:111) ^ Roach (2004:240) ^ Ladefoged (2005:139) ^ Clark, Yallop & Fletcher (2007:105) ^ Olson et al. (2010:206–207) ^ Blevins (1994:492) ^ Thompson (1959:458–461) [edit]

Tags:Spoken,
Bibliography
2> Blevins, Juliette (1994), "The Bimoraic Foot in Rotuman Phonology and Morphology", Oceanic Linguistics 33 (2): 491–516, doi:10.2307/3623138, JSTOR 3623138  Clark, John Ellery; Yallop, Colin; Fletcher, Janet (2007), An introduction to Phonetics and Phonology, Wiley-Blackwell, ISBN 1405130830, 9781405130837, http://books.google.com/books?id=dX5P5mxtYYIC  Gussenhoven, Carlos (1992), "Dutch", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 22 (2): 45–47, doi:10.1017/S002510030000459X  Ladefoged, Peter (2005), Vowels and Consonants (Second ed.), Blackwell, ISBN 0631214119  Olson, Kenneth; Mielke, Jeff; Sanicas-Daguman, Josephine; Pebley, Carol Jean; Paterson, Hugh J., III (2010), "The phonetic status of the (inter)dental approximant", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 40 (2): 199–215, doi:10.1017/S0025100309990296  Roach, Peter (2004), "British English: Received Pronunciation", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 34 (2): 239–245, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001768  Schane, Sanford A (1968), French Phonology and Morphology, Boston, Mass.: M.I.T. Press, ISBN 0262190400  Sivertsen, Eva (1960), Cockney Phonology, Oslo: University of Oslo  Thelwall, Robin (1990), "Illustrations of the IPA: Arabic", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20 (2): 37–41, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004266  Thompson, Laurence (1959), "Saigon phonemics", Language 35 (3): 454–476, doi:10.2307/411232, JSTOR 411232  Watson, Janet (2002), The Phonology and Morphology of Arabic, New York: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0198241372  v d e   International Phonetic Alphabet   IPA topics IPA International Phonetic Association · History of the IPA · Kiel convention (1989) · Journal of the IPA (JIPA) · Naming conventions Phonetics Diacritics · Segments · Tone letter · Place of articulation · Manner of articulation Special topics Extensions to the IPA · Obsolete and nonstandard symbols · IPA chart for English dialects Encodings SAMPA · X-SAMPA · Conlang X-SAMPA · Kirshenbaum · TIPA · Phonetic symbols in Unicode · WorldBet   Consonants v d e IPA pulmonic consonants chartchart image • audio Place → Labial Coronal Dorsal Radical Glottal ↓ Manner Bila​bial Labio​dental Den​tal Alve​olar Post​alv. Retro​flex Pal​a​tal Ve​lar Uvu​lar Pha​ryn​geal Epi​glot​tal Glot​tal Nasal m̥ m ɱ n̪ n̥ n n̠ ɳ ɲ̥ ɲ ŋ̊ ŋ ɴ Plosive p b p̪ b̪ t̪ d̪ t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʡ ʔ Fricative ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ h ɦ Approximant ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ Trill ʙ r ɽ͡r ʀ я * Flap or tap ⱱ̟ ⱱ ɾ ɽ ɢ̆ ʡ̯ Lateral Fric. ɬ ɮ ɭ˔̊ ʎ̥˔ ʟ̝̊ ʟ̝ Lateral Appr. l ɭ ʎ ʟ Lateral flap ɺ ɺ̠ ʎ̯ Non-pulmonic consonants Clicks ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ ʘ̃ ʘ̃ˀ ʘ͡q ʘ͡qʼ Implosives ɓ ɗ ʄ ᶑ ɠ ʛ Ejectives pʼ tʼ cʼ ʈʼ kʼ qʼ fʼ θʼ sʼ ɬʼ xʼ χʼ tsʼ tɬʼ cʎ̝̥ʼ tʃʼ ʈʂʼ kxʼ kʟ̝̊ʼ Affricates p̪f b̪v ts dz tʃ dʒ tɕ dʑ ʈʂ ɖʐ tɬ dɮ cç ɟʝ cʎ̥˔ kʟ̝̊ Co-articulated consonants Fricatives ɕ ʑ ɧ Approximants ʍ w ɥ ɫ

Tags:X-sampa,International Phonetic Alphabet,Ladefoged, Peter,Naming Conventions,Ipa Chart For English Dialects,Pulmonic Consonants,Audio,Labial,

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