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| D-A-CH | |
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Germany
Austria
Switzerland
D-A-CH or DACH is a synonym used to represent the dominant states of the German language Sprachraum. It is based on the official automobile license plate abbreviations for:
Germany (D for Deutschland)
Austria (A for Austria, in German "Österreich")
Switzerland (CH for Confoederatio Helvetica, in German "(die) Schweiz")
"Dach" is also the German word for "roof", and is used in linguistics in the term Dachsprache, which standard German arguably is in relation to some outlying dialects of German, especially in Switzerland and Austria.
The term is sometimes extended to D-A-CH-Li, DACHL or DACH+ to include Liechtenstein. Another version is DACHS (with Dachs meaning "Badger" in German) with the inclusion of the German speaking region of South Tyrol in Italy.[1]
DACH is also the name of an Interreg IIIA project, which focuses on crossborder cooperation in planning.[2]
[edit] Tags:Eu,German Language,Sprachraum,Germany,Austria,Switzerland,Liechtenstein,Edit,Synonym,Dachsprache,Badger,South Tyrol,Italy,Interreg, | |
| Official status | |
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Official language
Majority language
Partially official
Germany
Austria
Switzerland
Liechtenstein
Belgium
Switzerland (besides French, Italian and Rumantsch)
Luxembourg (besides French and Luxembourgish)
Denmark - recognized minority language in the former South Jutland County
South Tyrol in Italy
Poland - a minority language in the Upper Silesia
Czech Republic
Hungary (Danube Swabians)
Romania (Transylvania and Banat Swabians)
German language as the official-auxiliary language in 22 municipality on Polish part of Silesia
German is the country's only official language:
Liechtenstein
Germany
Austria
German is the majority language, and shares official status with other languages:
Luxembourg (besides French and Luxembourgish)
Switzerland (besides French, Italian and Romansh)
German is a minority language with official status:
Belgium (besides Dutch and French)
German language has official status only in part of the country/territory:
Italy (South Tyrol)
Poland. Polish part of Silesia, mainly Upper Silesia. See also: German minority in Poland
German language is recognized as a minority language:
Czech Republic
Hungary (Danube Swabians) and the bi-lingual city of Sopron
Romania (Transylvania and Banat Swabians)
[edit] Tags:Luxembourg,French,Belgium,Luxembourgish,Denmark,South Jutland County,Poland,Upper Silesia,Czech Republic,Hungary,Danube Swabians,Romania,Transylvania,Banat Swabians,Silesia,Romansh,German Minority In Poland,Sopron, | |
| German speaking minorities without official status | |
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Main articles: German as a minority language and German diaspora
German language and ethnicity in central Europe, 1929.
High numbers of German speaking minorities, but no official recognition:
Poland (particularly in Opole Voivodeship)
France (Alsace and Lorraine)
Latvia
Estonia
Russia
German speaking minorities, but no official status:
Lithuania
Croatia
Slovakia
Ukraine
Serbia
Namibia (former German colony)
Owing to tourism and second-home colonies some areas around the Mediterranean Sea (like the Balearic Islands) have small German-speaking communities.
[edit] Tags:Croatia,Central,German As A Minority Language,German Diaspora,Opole Voivodeship,France,Alsace,Lorraine,Latvia,Estonia,Russia,Lithuania,Slovakia,Ukraine,Serbia,Namibia,Mediterranean Sea,Balearic Islands, | |
| German as a foreign language | |
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German was once the lingua franca of Central, Eastern and Northern Europe and remains one of the most popular foreign languages in Europe and it is the second most popular after English.[3] Thirty-two percent of citizens of the EU-15 countries say they can converse in German (either as a mother tongue or as a second/foreign language).[4] This is assisted by the widespread availability of German TV by cable or satellite. German competence in countries where it is no official language is highest in the Netherlands, Denmark, Bosnia and Herzegovina (historical connections) and in Slovenia (historical connections). Relatively high German competence is also found in Sweden, Belgium (German community), the Czech Republic (historical connections), Slovakia (historical connections), Hungary (historical connections), Poland (much of northern, southern, and western Poland had previously been German territory) and Croatia (historical connections). German is the third most taught foreign language worldwide,[dubious – discuss] including the United States;[5] it is the second most known foreign language in the EU, due to its wider use in the "new" EU countries.[6] It is one of the official languages of the European Union, and one of the three working languages of the European Commission, along with English and French.
The learning of German as a foreign language is promoted by the Goethe Institute, which works to promote German language and culture worldwide. In association with the Goethe Institute, the German foreign broadcasting service, Deutsche Welle offers a range of online German courses and radio broadcasts produced with non-native German speakers in mind.
[edit] Tags:Foreign Language,West,English,Lingua Franca,Northern Europe,Netherlands,Bosnia And Herzegovina,Slovenia,Sweden,German Community,Historical Connections,German Territory,Languages Of The European Union,Working Languages,Goethe, | |
| Culture | |
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Further information: German language literature
German-speaking people include composers (e.g. Bach, Mozart, Beethoven, Mendelssohn, Mahler or Schönberg), lyrical poetry and literature (e.g. Walter von der Vogelweide, Goethe, the Brothers Grimm, Schiller, Heine, Brecht or Thomas Mann as well as important works written by authors as the Nibelungenlied or Ludwigslied), psychology (e.g. Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung) and philosophy (e.g. Albertus Magnus, Kant, Hegel, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Heidegger, Wittgenstein or Adorno).
These cultures are quite diverse as a result of the varied history of the German-speaking people. The German-speaking world has consisted of independent principalities (e.g., Liechtenstein), of larger confederations (e.g., the German Confederation and North German Confederation), of empires (e.g., the Holy Roman Empire, German Empire, and Austrian Empire), of political units (e.g., Bohemia), and of political states (e.g., Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Luxembourg).
[edit] Tags:German Language Literature,Bach,Mozart,Beethoven,Mendelssohn,Mahler,Schönberg,Poetry,Literature,Walter Von Der Vogelweide,Brothers Grimm,Schiller,Heine,Brecht,Thomas Mann, | |
| See also | |
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Languages portal
Europe portal
Austrian German
Swiss German
Swiss Standard German
Alemannic German
Swabian German
Walser German
Alemán Coloniero
German-speaking Community of Belgium
Languages in the European Union
Germanic languages
English-speaking Europe
Sprachraum
German as a minority language
Benelux
Röstigraben
[edit] Tags: | |
| References | |
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^ Example: DACHS-Projekt "Ergotherapie 2010
^ "DACH+ Raumentwicklung im Grenzraum von Deutschland, Österreich, Schweiz und Liechtenstein" (in German). DACH. http://www.d-a-ch.org/. Retrieved 2008-03-22. [dead link]
^ Eurobarometer: Europeans and Languages from September 2005 (Languages most commonly used in the EU: 47% English, 30% German, 23% French)
^ "EUROPA — Redirection". Ec.europa.eu. http://ec.europa.eu/education/policies/lang/languages/index_en.html. Retrieved 2009-10-27.
^ After Spanish and French
^ After English; "Europeans and Language" (PDF). European Commission. 2005. http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_237.en.pdf. Retrieved 2007-12-08.
[edit] Tags: | |
| External links | |
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http://britishlibrary.typepad.co.uk/dach/ - DACH Blog: Blog about the British Library's German collection, and German culture, politics and literature.
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=German_language_in_Europe&oldid=473399016"
Categories: German-speaking countriesGerman languageGerman diasporaCultural spheres of influenceHidden categories: All articles with dead external linksArticles with dead external links from December 2008Articles containing German language textAll accuracy disputesArticles with disputed statements from December 2009
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