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| Scope | |
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Epigraphy is a primary tool of archaeology when dealing with literate cultures. The US Library of Congress classifies epigraphy as one of the auxiliary sciences of history. Epigraphy also helps identify a forgery: epigraphic evidence formed part of the discussion concerning the James Ossuary.
The study of ancient handwriting, usually in ink, is a separate field, palaeography.
The character of the writing, the subject of epigraphy, is a matter quite separate from the nature of the text, which is studied in itself. Texts inscribed in stone are usually for public view and so they are essentially different from the written texts of each culture. Not all inscribed texts are public, however: in Mycenaean Greece the deciphered texts of "Linear B" were revealed to be largely used for economic and administrative record keeping. Informal inscribed texts are "graffiti" in its original sense.
[edit] Tags:Writing,Palaeography,Edit,Archaeology,Us Library Of Congress,Auxiliary Sciences Of History,James Ossuary,Handwriting,Mycenaean Greece,Linear B,Graffiti,Help, | |
| History | |
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The high medieval Prüfening dedicatory inscription, composed in Latin and stamped in Roman square capitals
The science of epigraphy has been developing steadily since the 16th century. Principles of epigraphy vary culture by culture, and the infant science in European hands concentrated on Latin inscriptions at first. Individual contributions have been made by epigraphers such as Georg Fabricius (1516–1571); August Wilhelm Zumpt (1815–1877); Theodor Mommsen (1817–1903); Emil Hübner (1834–1901); Franz Cumont (1868–1947); Louis Robert (1904–1985).
The Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum, begun by Mommsen and other scholars, has been published in Berlin since 1863, with wartime interruptions. It is the largest and most extensive collection of Latin inscriptions. New fascicles are still produced as the recovery of inscriptions continues. The Corpus is arranged geographically: all inscriptions from Rome are contained in volume 6. This volume has the greatest number of inscriptions; volume 6, part 8, fascicle 3 was just recently published (2000). Specialists depend on such on-going series of volumes in which newly discovered inscriptions are published, often in Latin, not unlike the biologists' Zoological Record— the raw material of history.
Greek epigraphy has unfolded in the hands of a different team, with different corpora. There are two. The first is Corpus Inscriptionum Graecarum of which four volumes came out, again at Berlin, 1825-1877. This marked a first attempt at a comprehensive publication of Greek inscriptions copied from all over the Greek-speaking world. Only advanced students still consult it, for better editions of the texts have superseded it. The second, modern corpus is Inscriptiones Graecae arranged geographically under categories: decrees, catalogues, honorary titles, funeral inscriptions, various., all presented in Latin, to preserve the international neutrality of the field of classics.
Other such series include the Corpus Inscriptionum Etruscarum (Etruscan inscriptions), Corpus Inscriptionum Crucesignatorum Terrae Sanctae (Crusaders' inscriptions), Corpus Inscriptionum Insularum Celticarum, (Celtic inscriptions), Corpus Inscriptionum Iranicarum (Iranian inscriptions) and so forth.
Egyptian hieroglyphs were solved using the Rosetta Stone, which was a multilingual stele in Classical Greek, Demotic Egyptian and Classical Egyptian hieroglyphs. The work was done by the French scholar, Jean-François Champollion, and the British scientist Thomas Young.
The interpretation of Maya hieroglyphs was lost as a result of the Spanish Conquest of Central America. However, recent work by Maya epigraphers and linguists has yielded a considerable amount of information on this complex writing system.[2]
[edit] Tags:Rosetta Stone,Greek,Inscriptions,Iran,Prüfening Dedicatory Inscription,Latin,Roman Square Capitals,Georg Fabricius,August Wilhelm Zumpt,Theodor Mommsen,Emil Hübner,Franz Cumont,Louis Robert,Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum,Fascicles,Zoological Record,Corpora,Inscriptiones Graecae,Classics,Corpus Inscriptionum Etruscarum,Jean-françois Champollion,Thomas Young,Maya Hieroglyphs,Writing System,Categories, | |
| Related fields of study | |
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EpiDoc
Leiden Conventions
Numismatics
Palaeography, the study of handwriting
Orthography
Papyrology
Typography
Writing system
[edit] Tags:Numismatics,Epidoc,Leiden Conventions,Orthography,Papyrology,Typography, | |
| Types of inscription | |
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Abecedarium
Chronogram
Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum
Copper plate inscriptions
Ex libris
Early Indian epigraphy
Epitaph on a headstone
Graffiti
Hero stone
History of Latin
Inscriptiones Graecae and Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum
Maya script, also known as "Maya glyphs" or "Maya hieroglyphics"
Memento mori
Monumental inscription
Ogham
Ogham inscription
Old Turkic script
Ostracon
Petroglyph
Pre-Islamic Arabic inscriptions
Roman lead pipe inscription
Runestone
Stoichedon
Tamil-Brahmi
[edit] Tags:Abecedarium,Chronogram,Copper Plate Inscriptions,Ex Libris,Early Indian Epigraphy,Epitaph,Headstone,Hero Stone,History Of Latin,Maya Script,Memento Mori,Monumental Inscription,Ogham,Ogham Inscription,Old Turkic Script,Ostracon,Petroglyph,Pre-islamic Arabic Inscriptions,Roman Lead Pipe Inscription,Runestone,Stoichedon,Tamil-brahmi, | |
| Notable inscriptions | |
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Behistun Inscription
Bitola inscription
Bryggen inscriptions
Decree of Themistocles
Dipylon inscription
Dresden Codex
Duenos Inscription
Edicts of Ashoka
Epic of Gilgamesh
Grolier Codex
Inscription of Abercius
Laguna Copperplate Inscription
La Mojarra Stela 1
Madrid Codex
Malia altar stone
Paris Codex
Phaistos Disc
Res Gestae Divi Augusti
Rosetta Stone
Shugborough inscription
Thebes tablets
The Antikythera mechanism is notable for the novel techniques used in reading the inscriptions.
[edit] Tags:Behistun Inscription,Bitola Inscription,Bryggen Inscriptions,Decree Of Themistocles,Dipylon Inscription,Dresden Codex,Duenos Inscription,Edicts Of Ashoka,Epic Of Gilgamesh,Grolier Codex,Inscription Of Abercius,Laguna Copperplate Inscription,La Mojarra Stela 1,Madrid Codex,Malia Altar Stone,Paris Codex, | |
| References | |
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^ "Epigraph". Online Etymology Dictionary. http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=epigraph.
^ Coe, Michael D. (1992). Breaking the Maya Code. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0-500-05061-9. OCLC 26605966.
[edit] Tags: | |
| External links | |
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Look up epigraphy or inscription in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Epigraphy.
Bodel, John (1997-2009). "U.S. Epigraphy Project". Brown University. http://usepigraphy.brown.edu/. Retrieved 22 November 2009.
Centre d'études épigraphiques et numismatiques de la faculté de Philosophie de l'Université de Beograd. "Inscriptions de la Mésie Supérieure" (in French). http://www.moesia-superior.rs/ims/list.html. Retrieved 22 November 2009.
"Centre for the Study of Ancient Documents". Oxford: Oxford University. 1995-2009. http://www.csad.ox.ac.uk/. Retrieved 22 November 2009.
Clauss, Manfred. "Epigraphik-Datenbank Clauss-Slaby (EDCS)" (in Deutsch, Italiano, Español, English, Français). http://oracle-vm.ku-eichstaett.de:8888/epigr/epigraphik_en. Retrieved 15 August 2011.
"EAGLE: Electronic Archive of Greek and Latin Epigraphy" (in Italian). Federazione Internazionale di Banche dati Epigrafiche presso il Centro Linceo Interdisciplinare "Beniamino Segre" - Roma. http://www.eagle-eagle.it/. Retrieved 22 November 2009.
"Epigraphische Datenbank Heidelberg (EDH)". 1986-2007. http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/institute/sonst/adw/edh/index.html.en. Retrieved 22 November 2009.
International Federation of Epigraphic Databases. "Epigraphic Database Roma (EDR)" (in Italian). Association Internationale d'Épigraphie Grecque et Latine - AIEGL. http://www.edr-edr.it/. Retrieved 22 November 2009.
International Federation of Epigraphic Databases. "Epigraphic Database Bari: Documenti epigrafici romani di committenza cristiana - Secoli III - VIII" (in Italian). Association Internationale d'Épigraphie Grecque et Latine - AIEGL. http://www.edb.uniba.it/. Retrieved 22 November 2009.
"Hispania Epigraphica Online (HEpOl)" (in Español, English). http://www.eda-bea.es/. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
Greek Epigraphy Project, Cornell University; Epigraphical Center, Ohio State University (2009). "Searchable Greek Inscriptions". Packard Humanities Institute. http://epigraphy.packhum.org/inscriptions/. Retrieved 22 November 2009.
The Institute for Ancient History (1993-2009). "Epigraphic database for ancient Asia Minor". Universität Hamburg. http://www.epigraphik.uni-hamburg.de/. Retrieved 22 November 2009.
Reynolds, Joyce; Roueché, Charlotte; Bodard, Gabriel (2007). "Inscriptions of Aphrodisias (IAph2007)". London: King's College. ISBN 978-1-897747-19-3. http://insaph.kcl.ac.uk/iaph2007.
"The American Society for Greek and Latin Epigraphy (ASGLE)". Case Western Reserve University. http://www.case.edu/artsci/clsc/asgle/. Retrieved 22 November 2009.
"Ubi Erat Lupa" (in German). Universität Salzburg. http://www.ubi-erat-lupa.org/. Retrieved 22 November 2009.
Poinikastas: Epigraphic Sources For Early Greek Writing, Oxford University
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epigraphy&oldid=472127720"
Categories: HistoriographyArchaeological sub-disciplinesAuxiliary sciences of historyInscriptionsGreek loanwordsHidden categories: Articles containing Greek language text
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