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| History | |
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See also: History of Ottawa
French explorers and fur traders were the first Europeans to pass through this region. Samuel de Champlain, explorer, traversed the Ottawa River in 1615 on his way westward to the Great Lakes. The largest city in the region is the city of Ottawa, capital of Canada, which accounts for roughly 60% of Eastern Ontario's population. Kingston, itself once capital of the Province of Canada, is the other major city in the region outide of the National Capital Region.
Much of the remainder of the region relies on agriculture and tourism. Heavier reliance on recreation and tourism exists in the more rugged Renfrew county in the northwest of Eastern Ontario.
Downtown Ottawa
Of all Ontario's regions, parts of Eastern Ontario are the most heavily influenced by the United Empire Loyalists, American settlers who moved to Upper Canada out of loyalty to the British Crown during and after the American Revolutionary War. The Loyalist influence has a presence in the counties of Lennox and Addington, Leeds and Grenville, Frontenac, Lanark, Hastings, and Prince Edward.
In Ottawa, Prescott and Russell, Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry, and (although declining) Renfrew, Eastern Ontario is home to the largest Franco-Ontarian community within Ontario.
Extensive immigration by Scottish Highlanders from the Highland land clearances also took place around the time of the United Empire Loyalist migration. Large numbers of Irish Catholics, mainly from Cork and surrounding counties also settled in the area in the decades following the war of 1812, the majority of them in or near present-day Ottawa. Many arrived through government backed immigration schemes to settle unoccupied lands and fill labour shortages. Along with the Franco-Ontarians in particular, they made up the majority of canal builders on the large Rideau Canal project and were heavily employed in the area's extensive lumber industry.
Through the last century, newer immigrant groups have added to the cultural mix, mostly in Ottawa itself. There are still a large number of Francophones in Eastern Ontario, especially in Prescott and Russell United Counties.
[edit] Tags:Canada,Province,Est,K,Ontario,Ottawa River,Prescott And Russell,Stormont, Dundas And Glengarry,Lanark,Renfrew,Leeds And Grenville,Frontenac,Lennox And Addington,Ottawa,Hastings,Prince Edward,History Of Ottawa,Fur Traders,Samuel De Champlain,Great Lakes,Kingston,Province Of Canada,National Capital Region,Agriculture,Downtown Ottawa,United Empire Loyalists,Upper Canada,British,American Revolutionary War,Franco-ontarian,Scottish Highlanders,Cork,Franco-ontarians,Rideau Canal,Lumber Industry,Renfrew County,Prescott, | |
| Climate | |
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The climate of Eastern Ontario is humid continental with large seasonal variation. Snow and ice are dominant during the winter season. Ottawa receives close to 250 cm (100 in) of snowfall over an average winter and snow usually remains on the ground for a couple of months, at minimum.
Winters are long and celebrated in Eastern Ontario. The average temperature in January is -6°C (21 °F). In recent years, there seems to be a trend towards snow free periods, even in mid-winter. However, in the winter months of 2008, there were records levels of snow fall.
Ice storms are also relatively common, especially on lower terrain if compared with other parts of the country. One such large storm caused vast power outages and affected the local economy, known as the 1998 Ice Storm. Winters are more severe and longer along the Ottawa River, particularly in higher terrain of Renfrew County than further south along the Upper St. Lawrence River shoreline.
Summers are fairly warm and humid in the Ottawa and St. Lawrence valleys, usually lasting a little longer than winter does in duration. The average July maximum temperature is 27 °C (80 °F). Temperatures occasionally exceed 35 °C (95 °F), and during periods of hot weather, high humidity is often an aggravating factor, pushing the temperature into the 40's (100's) with the humidex. Thunderstorms are on occasion severe, causing tree and property damage.
Spring and fall are changeable seasons, prone to extremes in temperature and unpredictable swings in conditions. Average annual precipitation is around 950 mm (37 in.).
[edit] Tags:Country,St. Lawrence River,1998 Ice Storm,St. Lawrence Valleys, | |
| Geography | |
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Thousand Islands
The eastern section of Eastern Ontario, that is east and southeast of Ottawa, including the towns of Cornwall, Embrun and Hawkesbury is generally a flat plain, dotted with some extensive woodlots and boggy marshes, but is primarily farmland. Certain sections here are prone to low lying flooding and spring ice jams, particularly on the banks of the South Nation River.
The Laurentian Highlands, which form a small section of the extensive Canadian Shield, cuts through the western section from the Upper Ottawa River valley southeast toward to the St. Lawrence River around Gananoque. Here sedimentary rock can be found folding over the Shield. This is also the portion where the greatest concentration of inland lakes are found. In Renfrew County, this higher terrain is called the 'Madawaska Highlands', after a major river that bisects these hills. Some highland peaks are over 400m higher than the Ottawa River. The picturesque area of the St. Lawrence River bordering New York State is known as the Thousand Islands region reflected by its numerous small islands. The bulk of the Laurentian Upland is located just to the north of the Ottawa River in adjacent Quebec and covers a vastly larger area within that province.
Along the extreme western edge of Eastern Ontario are a continuation of the Laurentian Highlands, known as the Opeongo Hills, and they contain some of the highest elevations in Southern Ontario. They stretch into the northern portions of Central Ontario, near Algonquin Provincial Park.
Ottawa itself is at the confluence of the Rideau River and Ottawa River. A series of rugged rapids and waterfalls are found along these rivers in Ottawa. Most of the underlying rock in and around the city of Ottawa is limestone bedrock, also found in abundance farther south around Kingston. Limestone was used during the construction of the Rideau Canal, which connects Kingston and Ottawa by water and was also heavily used as the building blocks for many governmental and other buildings in both cities.
The Ottawa and St. Lawrence Rivers do not actually converge in Ontario. A small portion of Quebec, Vaudreuil-Soulanges, lies between the Ontario-Quebec border and the river junction. This region has a land border with Ontario, but must cross water to reach any other part of Quebec.
The physical features of Eastern Ontario are described in the Eastern Ontario Visual Character Project.
[edit] Tags:Southern Ontario,Canadian,Quebec,New York State,Vaudreuil-soulanges,Central Ontario,Thousand Islands,Cornwall,Embrun,Hawkesbury,South Nation River,Laurentian Highlands,Canadian Shield,Gananoque,New York,Opeongo Hills,Algonquin Provincial Park,Rideau River,Limestone, | |
| Geology | |
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The Eastern Ontario region has a history of earthquakes. Several fault lines run through the region, and the area is near both the Western Quebec Seismic Zone and the Saint Lawrence rift system. Minor earthquakes occur in the region regularly, most of them too weak to be felt by people. More severe earthquakes, around magnitudes 5-6 on the Richter scale, occur every sixty years, on average. The most recent of these earthquakes occurred in 2010. This earthquake, known as the 2010 Central Canada earthquake, although it did cause some power outages and minor damage to older buildings, did not cause significant damage because buildings in the area are required to be earthquake resistant by government regulations. This earthquake did cause significant panic amongst the population, though: office buildings were evacuated in Ottawa, transit routes shut down, and in the minutes after the quake cell phone service was down as it was overloaded with calls made by panicked people attempting to talk to friends and relatives. Although this reaction was ridiculed by many, it should be noted that if buildings in the area were not designed to be earthquake resistant it would have caused significant damage. A similar earthquake which happened in 1944 caused significant damage to buildings in Cornwall as this was before earthquake resistant architecture became commonplace.
[edit] Tags:Western Quebec Seismic Zone,Saint Lawrence Rift System,2010 Central Canada Earthquake,Similar Earthquake Which Happened In 1944, | |
| Education | |
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Queens Theological Hall
The region is home to several universities and colleges, including Carleton University, Queen's University, Royal Military College of Canada, the University of Ottawa, Saint Paul University, Algonquin College, La Cité collégiale, and St. Lawrence College.
Algonquin College has campuses in Ottawa, Perth, Pembroke, Hawkesbury, and Renfrew, while St. Lawrence College has campuses in Kingston, Cornwall, and Brockville.
Eastern Ontario portal
[edit] Tags:Universities, | |
| List of urban areas in Eastern Ontario | |
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Ottawa
National Capital Region (Canada)
Kingston
Cornwall
Brockville
Rockland
Pembroke
Hawkesbury
Smiths Falls
Carleton Place
Haliburton, Ontario
Renfrew
Petawawa
Arnprior
Embrun
Perth
Almonte
Prescott
Gananoque
Napanee
[edit] Tags: | |
| References | |
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Northeastern Ontario/Outaouais
National Capital Region/Outaouais
Laurentides/Montérégie
Central Ontario
Upstate NY
St.Lawrence River
Eastern Ontario
Golden Horseshoe
Lake Ontario/St.Lawrence River
Upstate New York/Vermont
St.Lawrence River
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Subdivisions of Ontario
Regions
Southern Ontario (Central Ontario · Eastern Ontario · Golden Horseshoe · Southwestern Ontario) · Northern Ontario (Northeastern Ontario · Northwestern Ontario) · Great Lakes
Counties
Bruce · Dufferin · Elgin · Essex · Frontenac · Grey · Haliburton · Hastings · Huron · Lambton · Lanark · Leeds and Grenville · Lennox and Addington · Middlesex · Northumberland · Perth · Peterborough · Prescott and Russell · Renfrew · Simcoe · Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry · Wellington
Districts
Algoma · Cochrane · Kenora · Manitoulin · Nipissing · Parry Sound · Rainy River · Sudbury · Thunder Bay · Timiskaming
Regional municipalities
Durham · Halton · Muskoka · Niagara · Oxford · Peel · Waterloo · York
Single-tier municipalities
Brant · Brantford · Chatham–Kent · Greater Sudbury · Haldimand · Hamilton · Kawartha Lakes · Norfolk · Ottawa · Prince Edward · Toronto
Separated municipalities
Barrie · Belleville · Brockville · Gananoque · Guelph · Kingston · London · Orillia · Pembroke · Peterborough · Prescott · Quinte West · Smiths Falls · St. Marys · St. Thomas · Stratford · Windsor
See also: Ontario communities · Ontario municipalities · Ontario electoral districts · Historic counties of Ontario · Geography of Ontario
Category:Ontario · Portal:Ontario · WikiProject:Ontario
Coordinates: 45°N 75°W / 45°N 75°W / 45; -75
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Ontario&oldid=452214877"
Categories: Eastern Ontario
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