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| History | |
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Main article: History of Cornell University
Cornell University was founded on April 27, 1865 as the result of a New York State (NYS) Senate bill that named the university as the state's land grant institution. Senator Ezra Cornell offered his farm in Ithaca, New York as a site and $500,000 of his personal fortune as an initial endowment. Fellow senator and experienced educator Andrew Dickson White agreed to be the first president. During the next three years, White oversaw the construction of the initial two buildings and traveled around the globe to attract students and faculty.[10] The university was inaugurated on October 7, 1868, and 412 men were enrolled the next day.[11]
Cornell's founders
Ezra Cornell
Andrew Dickson White
Cornell continued to be a technological innovator applying its research to its own campus as well as to outreach efforts. For example, it was one of the first university campuses to use electricity to light the grounds from a water-powered dynamo in 1883.[12] Since 1894, Cornell has included state-funded statutory colleges[13] and has also administered research and extension activities that have been jointly funded by state and federal matching funds.[citation needed] Cornell has had an active alumni since its earliest classes and was one of the first universities to include alumni-elected representatives on its Board of Trustees.[note 2]
"Cornell University" by renowned landscape artist Richard Rummell (1848-1924), circa 1910.[14]
Cornell expanded significantly, particularly since World War II, with its student population in Ithaca growing to its current count of about 20,000 students. The faculty also expanded, and by the century's end, the university had more than 3,400 faculty members.[citation needed][note 3] The school also increased its breadth of course offerings. Today the university has wide-ranging programs and offers more than 4,000 courses.[15] Cornell received national attention in April 1969 when African American students occupied Willard Straight Hall in protest over alleged racism.[16][17] The crisis resulted in the resignation of President James A. Perkins and the restructuring of university governance.[18]
Since 2000, Cornell has been expanding its international programs. In 2004, the university opened the Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, the first American medical school outside of the United States.[19] It continues to forge partnerships with major institutions in India, Singapore, and the People's Republic of China.[20][21][22] The university, with its high international profile, claims to be "the first transnational university".[23][not in citation given] On March 9, 2004, Cornell and Stanford laid the cornerstone for a new Bridging the Rift Center located on the Israel–Jordan border.[24]
[edit] Tags:Ezra Cornell,Statutory Colleges,Endowment,$,President,Ithaca,New York,University,United States,Andrew Dickson White,Qatar,New York State (nys) Senate,Land Grant,Ithaca, New York,Faculty,Dynamo,Willard Straight Hall,James A. Perkins,Weill Cornell Medical College In Qatar,Medical School,Singapore,Transnational,International, | |
| Ithaca campus | |
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Main articles: Cornell Central Campus, Cornell North Campus, and Cornell West Campus
Sage Chapel, a non-denominational chapel on campus that is the final resting place of the university's founders, among others
Cornell's main campus is on East Hill in Ithaca, New York, overlooking the town and Cayuga Lake. When the university was founded in 1865, the campus consisted of 209.5 acres (0.85 km²) of Ezra Cornell's roughly 300 acre (1.2 km²) farm.[not in citation given] Since then, it has swelled to about 745 acres (3.0 km²), encompassing both the hill and much of the surrounding areas.[25] Some 260 university buildings are divided primarily between Central and North Campuses on the plateau of the Hill, West Campus on its slope, and Collegetown immediately south of Central Campus.[25][not in citation given] Central Campus has laboratories, administrative buildings, and almost all of the campus' academic buildings, athletic facilities, auditoriums, and museums. The only remaining residential facility on Central Campus is the Law School's dormitory, Hughes Hall. North Campus contains freshman and graduate student housing, themed program houses, and 29 fraternity and sorority houses. West Campus has upperclass residential colleges and an additional 25 fraternity and sorority houses.[26][not in citation given] Collegetown contains two upperclass residence halls[27][28] and the Schwartz Performing Arts Center amid a neighborhood of apartments, eateries, and businesses.[29]
The main campus is marked by an irregular layout and eclectic architectural styles, including ornate Collegiate Gothic, Victorian, Neoclassical buildings, and less decorative international and modernist structures. The more ornate buildings generally predate World War II. Because the student population doubled from 7,000 in 1950 to 15,000 by 1970, grandiosity was neglected in favor of less expensive and more rapidly constructed styles.[30] While some buildings are neatly arranged into quadrangles, others are packed densely and haphazardly. These eccentricities arose from the university's numerous, ever-changing master plans for the campus. For example, in one of the earliest plans, Frederick Law Olmsted, the designer of Central Park, outlined a "grand terrace" overlooking Cayuga Lake.[31] Because the terrace plan was dropped, McGraw Hall appears to face the wrong direction, facing Libe Slope rather than the Arts Quad.[citation needed]
Overlooking McGraw Tower and central campus
The university is home to several buildings on the National Register of Historic Places, including the Andrew Dickson White House, Bailey Hall, Caldwell Hall, Comstock Hall, Morrill Hall, and Deke House. At least three other historic buildings—the original Roberts Hall, East Robert Hall and Stone Hall—have also been listed on the NRHP, despite their demolitions in the 1980s.[32]
The Ithaca Campus is among the rolling valleys of the Finger Lakes region and, atop East Hill, provides a view of the surrounding area, including 38 miles (61.4 km) long Lake Cayuga. Two gorges, Fall Creek Gorge and Cascadilla Gorge, bound Central Campus and become popular swimming holes during the warmer months (although the university discourages their use).[citation needed] Adjacent to the main campus, Cornell owns the 2,800 acre (11.6 km²) Cornell Plantations, a botanical garden containing flowers, trees, and ponds along manicured trails.[33]
Cornell has adopted a comprehensive sustainability action plan, and has a number of Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certified buildings on the Ithaca campus.[34][not in citation given] In 2009, a new gas-fired combined heat and power facility replaced a coal-fired steam plant, resulting in a reduction in carbon emissions to 7% below 1990 levels, and to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 75,000 tons per year.[35] The facility meets 15% of campus electrical needs,[36] and a university-run, on-campus hydroelectric plant in the Fall Creek Gorge provides an additional 2%.[37] An award-winning lake source cooling project uses Lake Cayuga to air condition campus buildings, with an 80% energy saving over conventional systems.[38] In 2007, Cornell established a Center for a Sustainable Future.[39] Cornell has been rated "A-" by the 2011 College Sustainability Report Card for its environmental and sustainability initiatives.[40]
[edit] Tags:Graduate,Cornell Central Campus,Cornell North Campus,Cornell West Campus,Sage Chapel,Non-denominational,Chapel,Central,North Campuses,Plateau,West Campus,Law School's,Freshman,Residence Halls,Performing Arts,Architectural Styles,Collegiate Gothic,Victorian,Neoclassical,Modernist,World War Ii,Quadrangles,Frederick Law Olmsted,Central Park,Cayuga Lake,Mcgraw Tower,National Register Of Historic Places,Andrew Dickson White House,Bailey Hall,Caldwell Hall,Comstock Hall,Morrill Hall,Deke House,The Original Roberts Hall,East Robert Hall,Stone Hall,Lake Cayuga,Gorges,Cornell Plantations,Botanical Garden,Leadership In Energy And Environmental Design,Lake Source Cooling, | |
| New York City campuses | |
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Weill Medical Center overlooks the East River in New York City.
Cornell's medical campus in New York, also called Weill Cornell, is on the Upper East Side of Manhattan, New York City. It is home to two Cornell divisions, Weill Cornell Medical College and Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, and has been affiliated with the NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital since 1927.[41] Although their faculty and academic divisions are separate, the Medical Center shares its administrative and teaching hospital functions with the Columbia University Medical Center.[citation needed] These teaching hospitals also include the Payne Whitney Clinic in Manhattan and the Westchester Division in White Plains, New York.[42] Weill Cornell Medical College is also affiliated with the neighboring Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center, Rockefeller University, and the Hospital for Special Surgery. Many faculty members have joint appointments at these institutions, and Weill Cornell, Rockefeller, and Memorial Sloan–Kettering offer the Tri-Institutional MD–PhD Program to selected entering Cornell medical students.[43] From 1942 to 1979, the campus also housed a Cornell school of nursing.[44]
On December 19, 2011, a bid by a consortium of Cornell University and Technion-Israel Institute of Technology won a competition for rights to claim free city land as well as $100 million in subsidies to build an engineering campus in the city. The competition was established by New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg in order to increase entrepreneurship and job growth in the city's technology sector. The winning bid consisted of a 2.1 million square feet state-of-the-art tech campus being built on Roosevelt Island, which will have its first phase completed by 2017, with a temporary off-site campus opening in 2012.[45]
In addition to the tech campus and medical center, New York City hosts local offices for some of Cornell's service programs. The Cornell Urban Scholars Program encourages students to pursue public service careers with organizations working with New York City's poorest children, families, and communities.[46] The NYS College of Human Ecology and the NYS College of Agriculture and Life Sciences provide means for students to reach out to local communities by gardening and building with the Cornell Cooperative Extension.[47] Students with the NYS School of Industrial and Labor Relations' Extension & Outreach Program make workplace expertise available to organizations, union members, policy makers, and working adults.[48] The College of Engineering's Operations Research Manhattan, in the city's financial district, brings together business optimization research and decision support services addressed to both financial applications and public health logistics planning.[49] The College of Architecture, Art, and Planning has a facility on West 17th Street, near Union Square, to provide studio and seminar space for students and faculty.[50]
[edit] Tags:Sciences,New York City,Cooperative Extension,Weill Medical Center,Upper East Side,Manhattan,Weill Cornell Graduate School Of Medical Sciences,Newyork–presbyterian Hospital,Columbia University Medical Center,White Plains, New York,Memorial Sloan–kettering Cancer Center,Rockefeller University,Hospital For Special Surgery, | |
| Qatar campus | |
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Main article: Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar
Weill Cornell Medical College in Education City, Qatar
Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar is in Education City, near Doha. Opened in September 2004, it was the first American medical school outside the United States. The college is part of Cornell's program to increase its international influence. The College is a joint initiative with the Qatar government, which seeks to improve the country's academic programs and medical care.[19] Along with its full four-year MD program, which mirrors the curriculum taught at Weill Medical College in New York City, the college offers a two-year undergraduate pre-medical program with a separate admissions process. This undergraduate program opened in September 2002 and was the first coeducational institute of higher education in Qatar.[51]
The college is partially funded by the Qatar government through the Qatar Foundation, which contributed $750 million for its construction.[52] The medical center is housed in a large two-story structure designed by Arata Isozaki.[53] In 2004, the Qatar Foundation announced the construction of a 350-bed Specialty Teaching Hospital near the medical college in Education City. The hospital is currently under construction and is slated to be completed in the next few years.[19]
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| Other facilities | |
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Cornell University owns and operates many facilities around the world.[54] The Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico, site of the world's largest single-dish radio telescope, was operated by Cornell under a contract with the National Science Foundation from its construction until 2011.[55] The Shoals Marine Laboratory, operated in conjunction with the University of New Hampshire,[56] is a seasonal marine field station dedicated to undergraduate education and research on 95 acre (0.4 km²) Appledore Island off the Maine–New Hampshire coast.[57]
Cornell's World War I Memorial on West Campus
Many Cornell facilities focus on conservationism and ecology. The New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, operated by the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, is in Geneva, New York, 50 miles (80 km) northwest of the main campus. The facility comprises 20 major buildings on 130 acres (0.5 km²) of land as well as more than 700 acres (2.8 km²) of test plots and other lands devoted to horticultural research.[58][not in citation given] It also operates three substations: Vineyard Research Laboratory in Fredonia,[59] Hudson Valley Laboratory in Highland,[60] and the Long Island Horticultural Research Laboratory in Riverhead.[61]
Cornell's Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art, designed by I.M. Pei
The Cornell Lab of Ornithology in Ithaca's Sapsucker Woods performs research on biological diversity, primarily in birds.[62] On April 18, 2005, the lab announced that it had rediscovered the Ivory-billed Woodpecker, long thought to be extinct (Although some experts disputed the evidence and subsequent surveys were inconclusive).[63] The Animal Science Teaching and Research Center in Harford, New York, and the Duck Research Laboratory in Eastport, New York, are resources for information on animal disease control and husbandry.[64][65] The Arnot Teaching and Research Forest, a 4,075 acre (16.5 km²) forest 20 miles (32.2 km) south of the Ithaca campus, is the primary field location for faculty and student training and research related to professional forestry.[66][not in citation given] The mission of the Cornell Biological Field Station in Bridgeport, New York, is "to provide a center for long-term ecological research and support the University's educational programs, with special emphasis on freshwater lacustrine systems".[67] The Department of Horticulture operates the Homer C. Thompson Vegetable Research Farm and Freeville Organic Research Farm in Freeville, New York.[4] In addition, the university operates biodiversity laboratories in Punta Cana, Dominican Republic,[68] and in the Amazon Rainforest in Peru named the Cornell University Esbaran Amazon Field Laboratory.[69]
The university also maintains offices for study abroad and scholarship programs. The Cornell in Washington is a program that allows students to study for a semester in Washington, D.C., holding research and internship positions while earning credit toward a degree.[70] Cornell in Rome, operated by the College of Architecture, Art, and Planning, allows students to use the city as a resource for learning architecture, urban studies, and art.[71] The College of Human Ecology offers the Urban Semester Program, an opportunity to take courses and complete an internship in New York City for a semester. As well, the Capital Semester program allows students to intern in the New York state legislature.[72][not in citation given] As New York State's land grant college, Cornell operates a cooperative extension service with 56 offices spread out across the state, each staffed with extension educators who offer programs in five subjects: Agriculture & Food Systems; Children, Youth, & Families; Community & Economic Vitality; Environment & Natural Resources; and Nutrition & Health.[73] Cornell also operates New York's Animal Health Diagnostic Center.[74]
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| Organization and administration | |
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College/school founding
College/school
Year founded
Undergraduate
NYS College of Agriculture and Life Sciences
1874
College of Architecture, Art, and Planning
1871
College of Arts and Sciences
1865
College of Engineering
1870
School of Hotel Administration
1922
NYS College of Human Ecology
1925
NYS School of Industrial and Labor Relations
1945
Graduate
Graduate School
1909
Cornell Law School
1887
Samuel Curtis Johnson Graduate School of Management
1946
Weill Cornell Medical College
1898
Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences
1952
NYS College of Veterinary Medicine
1894
Cornell is a non-profit organization governed by a 64-member board of trustees consisting of both privately and publicly appointed trustees. Three trustees are appointed by the Governor of New York; one seat is reserved for the eldest lineal descendant of Ezra Cornell; two members from each of the fields of agriculture, business and labor in New York state; eight trustees to be elected from among and by the alumni of the university; two trustees to be elected from among and by the faculty of the university at Ithaca and Geneva; two trustees to be elected from among and by the membership of the university's student body at Ithaca (one undergraduate and one graduate student);[75] and one trustee to be elected from among and by the nonacademic staff and employees of the university at Ithaca and Geneva, 37 trustees at large and finally, the Governor, Temporary President of the Senate, Speaker of the Assembly, and president of the university serve in an ex officio voting capacity.[76][77] Peter C. Meinig has served as the chairman of the board since 2002.[78] The Board elects a President to serve as the chief executive and educational officer.[76] The twelfth and current president, David J. Skorton has served since July 2006 and succeeded Jeffrey S. Lehman.[79] The Board of Trustees hold four regular meetings each year, and portions of those meetings are subject to the New York State Open Meetings Law.[80]
Cornell consists of nine privately endowed colleges as well as four publicly supported "statutory colleges": the New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Human Ecology, School of Industrial and Labor Relations, and College of Veterinary Medicine. These statutory colleges received $131.9 million in SUNY appropriations in 2010-2011 to support their teaching, research, and service missions, which makes them accountable to SUNY trustees and other state agencies. The budget also includes $3.9 million of state funds for Cornell Cooperative Extension[81][82][83] Residents of New York enrolled in these colleges also qualify for discounted tuition.[84] However, Attorney General Eliot Spitzer issued a 2005 opinion asserting that, with respect to their academic activities, statutory colleges should be understood to be private, non-state parties.[6]:1
Cornell is decentralized, with its colleges and schools exercising wide autonomy. Each defines its own academic programs, operates its own admissions and advising programs, and confers its own degrees. The only university-wide requirements for a baccalaureate degree are to pass a swimming test, take two physical education courses, and satisfy a writing requirement.[85] A handful of inter-school academic departments offer courses in Tags:Private,David J. Skorton,Academic Staff,/, | |
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