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| History | |
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This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2011)
Main article: History of Augsburg
The city was founded in 15 BC by Drusus and Tiberius as Augusta Vindelicorum, on the orders of their stepfather Emperor Augustus. The name "Augusta Vindelicorum" means "Augusta of the Vindelici". This garrison camp soon became the capital of the Roman province of Raetia.
Early development was due to a 400-year affiliation with the Roman Empire, especially because of its excellent military, economic and geographic position at the convergence of the Alpine rivers Lech and Wertach, and with direct access to most important Alpine passes. Thus, Augsburg was the intersection of many important European east-west and north-south connections, which later evolved as major trade routes of the Middle Ages.[3]
Around 120 AD Augsburg became the capital of the Roman province Raetia. Augsburg was sacked by the Huns in the 5th century AD, by Charlemagne in the 8th century, and by Welf of Bavaria in the 11th century, but arose each time to greater prosperity.
Historical spellings of the name of the city include "Ausburch" and "Ausbourch."
[edit] Tags:Bavaria,Reliable Sources,Challenged,Drusus,Tiberius,Emperor,Augustus,Vindelici,Raetia,Roman Empire,Alpine,Lech,Middle Ages,Huns,Charlemagne,Welf Of Bavaria,European,Ic,Ec,Man, | |
| Augsburg Confession | |
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Augsburg was decreed an Imperial Free City on March 9, 1276. Augsburg also held its own bishop at this time. With a strategic location as intersection of trade routes to Italy, it became a major trading centre. Augsburg produced large quantities of woven goods, cloth and textiles. Augsburg became the base for the Fugger banking empire, who donated the Fuggerei part of the city devoted to housing for needy citizens in 1516 and remains in use today.
Perlach market place in 1550.
In 1530, the Augsburg Confession was presented to the Holy Roman Emperor at the Diet of Augsburg. Following the Peace of Augsburg in 1555, after which the rights of religious minorities in imperial cities were to be legally protected, a mixed Catholic–Protestant city council presided over a majority Protestant population; see Paritätische Reichsstadt.
[edit] Tags:Bishop,Woven,Cloth,Fugger,Fuggerei,Holy Roman Emperor,Paritätische Reichsstadt, | |
| Thirty Years' War | |
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Religious peace in the city was largely maintained despite increasing Confessional tensions until the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648). In 1629, Ferdinand II issued the Edict of Restitution, which restored the legal situation of 1552 which again curtailed the rights of the Protestant citizens. The inequality of the Edict of Restitution was rescinded when in April 1632, the Swedish army under Gustavus Adolphus captured Augsburg without resistance.
In 1634, the Swedish army was routed at nearby Nördlingen. By October 1634, Catholic troops had surrounded Augsburg. The Swedish garrison refused to surrender and a siege ensued through the winter of 1634/35 and thousands died from hunger and disease. According to J. N. Hays, "In the period of the Swedish occupation and the Imperial siege the population of the city was reduced from about 70,000 to about 16,000, with typhus and plague playing major roles."[4]
[edit] Tags:Thirty Years' War,Ferdinand Ii,Edict Of Restitution,Typhus,Plague, | |
| Nine Years' War | |
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In 1686, Emperor Leopold I, formed the League of Augsburg, termed by the English as the "Grand Alliance" after England joined in 1689: a European coalition, consisting (at various times) of Austria, Bavaria, Brandenburg, England, the Holy Roman Empire, the Palatinate of the Rhine, Portugal, Savoy, Saxony, Spain, Sweden, and the United Provinces. It was formed to defend the Palatinate from France. This organization fought the War of the Grand Alliance against France in the Nine Years War.
Augsburg's peak boom years occurred during the 15th and 16th centuries thanks to the bank and metal businesses of the merchant families Fugger and Welser, who held a local near total monopoly on their respective industries. Augsburg's wealth attracted artists seeking patrons and rapidly became a creative centre for famous painters, sculptors and musicians notably birthplace of : the Holbein painter family, the composer Leopold Mozart and the playwright Berthold Brecht. Rococo became so prevalent that it became known as “Augsburg style” throughout Germany.
[edit] Tags:Germany,Coalition,Austria,Brandenburg,Holy Roman Empire,Palatinate,Portugal,Savoy,Saxony,Sweden,United Provinces,War Of The Grand Alliance,Holbein,Leopold Mozart,Berthold Brecht,Mozart, | |
| Industrial Revolution Revival | |
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A map of Augsburg in 1800.
In 1806, when the Holy Roman Empire was dissolved, Augsburg lost its independence to become part of the Kingdom of Bavaria. In 1817 Augsburg became an administrative capital of the Oberdonaukreis, then administrative capital in 1837 for the district Swabia and Neuburg.
During the end of the 19th century, Augsburg's textile industry again rose to prominence followed by the connected machine manufacturing industry.
[edit] Tags:Swabia,District, | |
| Military | |
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Augsburg was historically a militarily important city due to its strategic location. During the German re-armament prior to World War II, the Wehrmacht enlarged Augsburg's one original Kaserne (barracks) to three: Somme Kaserne ((housing Wehrmacht Artillerie-Regiment 27)); Arras Kaserne ((housing Wehrmacht Infanterie Regiment 27)) and Panzerjäger Kaserne (housing Panzerabwehr-Abteilung 27 (later Panzerjäger-Abteilung 27). Wehrmacht Panzerjäger-Abteilung 27 was later moved to Füssen.
The Reichswehr Infanterie Regiment 19 was stationed in Augsburg and became the base unit for the Wehrmacht Infanterie Regiment 40, a subsection of the Wehrmacht Infanterie Division 27 (which later became the Wehrmacht Panzerdivision 17). Elements of Wehrmacht II Battalion of Gebirgs-Jäger-Regiment 99 (especially Wehrmacht Panzerjäger Kompanie 14) was composed of parts of the Wehrmacht Infanterie Division 27. The Infanterie Regiment 40 remained in Augsburg until the end of the war, finally surrendering to the United States.
The three Kaserne changed hands confusingly between the American and Germans, finally ending up in US hands for the duration of the Cold War.
During World War II, one subcamp of the Dachau concentration camp was located outside Augsburg, supplying approximately 1300 forced labourers to local military-related industry, most especially the Messerschmitt AG military aircraft firm headquartered in Augsburg.[5][6]
In 1941 Rudolf Hess without Hitler's permission secretly took off from a local airport and flew to Scotland to meet the Duke of Hamilton, and crashed in Eaglesham in an attempt to mediate the end of the European front of World War II and join sides for the upcoming Russian Campaign.
In 1945, the U.S. Army occupied the heavily bombed and damaged city. (see Bombing of Augsburg in World War II). An American military presence in the city started with the 11th Airborne Division, followed by the 24th Infantry Division, U.S. Army Seventh Corps Artillery, 701st Military Intelligence Brigade and finally the 66th Military Intelligence Brigade, which returned the former Kaserne to German hands in 1998. Originally the Heeresverpflegungshauptamt Südbayern and a Officers' caisson existed on or near the location of Reese-Kaserne, but was demolished by the occupying Americans. The former Wehrmacht Kaserne became the three main US barracks in Augsburg: Reese;, Sheridan and FLAK. US Base FLAK had been an anti-aircraft barracks since 1936 and US Base Sheridan "united" the former infantry barracks with a smaller Kaserne for former Luftwaffe communications units.
[edit] Tags:State,Occupied,American,Cold War,World War Ii,Rudolf Hess,Hitler,Scotland,Duke Of Hamilton,Eaglesham,U.s. Army,11th Airborne Division,24th Infantry Division,Seventh Corps Artillery,701st Military Intelligence Brigade,Luftwaffe, | |
| Municipality | |
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Main article: List of mayors of Augsburg
From 1266 until 1548, the terms Stadtpfleger (head of town council) and Mayor were used interchangeably, or occasionally, simultaneously. In 1548 the title was finally fixed to Stadtpfleger, who officiated for several years and was then awarded the title for life (though no longer governing), thus resulting confusingly, in records of two or more simultaneous Stadtpfleger.
After the transfer to Bavaria in 1806, Augsburg was ruled by a Magistrate with two mayors, supported by an additional council of "Community Commissioners": the Gemeindebevollmächtige.
As of 1907, the Mayor was entitled Oberbürgermeister, as Augsburg had reached a population of 100,000, as per the Bavarian Gemeindeordnung.
[edit] Tags:Mayor,Magistrate,Gemeindeordnung, | |
| Town Council | |
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Election results of the Town Council since 1972 in percent
Year
CSU
SPD
FDP
Grüne
ödp
DKP/PDS
REP
NPD
other
1972
44,9
46,5
2,3
–
–
0,7
–
0,9
4,7
1978
46,8
44,5
2,7
–
–
0,4
–
0,6
4,9
1984
32,9
44,9
1,3
4,2
–
0,2
–
0,7
15,8
1990
43,1
28,4
2,5
10,8
–
–
10,0
–
5,2
1996
44,1
29,4
1,7
10,5
–
–
2,8
–
11,5
2002
43,5
36,4
3,5
8,7
1,8
1,2
–
–
4,9
2008
40,1
30,1
2,7
10,3
1,5
3,5
–
–
11,8
Seats 20081
25
19
1
6
–
22
–
–
73
1 Local elections on March 2, 2008 22008: Die Linke 3 Pro Augsburg: 6, Freie Wähler: 1
[edit] Tags:Csu,Spd,Fdp,Grüne,ödp,Dkp,Pds,Rep,Freie Wähler, | |
| Members of the Bundestag | |
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Augsburg is located in the Wahlkreis 253 Augsburg-Stadt constituency, which includes Königsbrunn and the District of Augsburg (Landkreis Augsburg).
Christian Ruck of the CSU was directly elected to the Bundestag with 49.2% of the vote in the 16th German Bundestag.
Indirectly elected to the Bundestag to adhere to the Landesliste were Miriam Gruß for the FDP, Heinz Paula for the SPD and Claudia Roth for Bündnis 90/Die Grünen.
[edit] Tags:Christian Ruck,Bundestag,16th German Bundestag,Landesliste,Miriam Gruß,Heinz Paula, | |
| Main sights | |
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File:Goldene Saal.jpg
The Goldene Saal (Golden Hall)
Fünfgratturm tower
Ring of Mercy on the Dom (Cathedral) St. Maria
Town Hall, built in 1620 in Renaissance style with the Der Goldene Saal
Perlachturm, a bell tower built in 989
Fuggerei (see above)
Bishop's Residence, built about 1750 in order to replace the older bishop's palace; today the administrative seat of Swabia
Cathedral, founded in the 9th century
Schaezlerpalais, a Rococo mansion (1765)
St. Ulrich and St. Afra—one church is Roman Catholic, the other Lutheran, the duality being a result of the Peace of Augsburg concluded in 1555 between Catholics and Protestants
Mozart Haus Augsburg (where composer father Leopold Mozart was born and Mozart visited it several times)
Augsburger Puppenkiste, a puppet theatre
Eiskanal, the world's first artificial whitewater course (venue for the whitewater events of the 1972 Munich Olympics)
Dorint Hotel Tower
Childhood home of Bertolt Brecht
The Augsburg Botanical Gardens (Botanischer Garten Augsburg)
[edit] Tags: | |
| Incorporations | |
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Year
Municipality
Area
July 1, 1910
Meringerau
9.5 km²
January 1, 1911
Pfersee
3.5 km²
January 1, 1911
Oberhausen
8.6 km²
January 1, 1913
Lechhausen
27.9 km²
January 1, 1913
Hochzoll
4.4 km²
April 1, 1916
Kriegshaber
59 km²
July 1, 1972
Göggingen
July 1, 1972
Haunstetten
July 1, 1972
Inningen
[edit] Tags: | |
| Historical population development | |
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Year
Population
1635
16,432
1645
19,960
1806
26,200
1830
29,019
December 1, 1871 ¹
51,220
December 1, 1890 ¹
75,629
December 1, 1900 ¹
89,109
December 1, 1910 ¹
102,487
June 16, 1925 ¹
165,522
June 16, 1933 ¹
176,575
May 17, 1939 ¹
185,369
September 13, 1950 ¹
185,183
June 6, 1961 ¹
208,659
May 27, 1970 ¹
211,566
June 30, 1975
252,000
June 30, 1980
246,600
June 30, 1985
244,200
May 27, 1987 ¹
242,819
June 30, 1997
257,300
December 31, 2002
259,231
December 31, 2003
259,217
December 31, 2004
260,407
December 31, 2005
263,804
December 31, 2006
269,449
¹ Census result
[edit] Tags: | |
| Partner cities | |
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Inverness, United Kingdom since 1956
Amagasaki, Japan, since 1959
Nagahama, Japan, since 1959
Bourges, France, since 1963
Dayton, United States, since 1964
Liberec, Czech Republic, since 2001
Jinan, People's Republic of China, since 2004
Information on the partner cities can also be found at www.augsburg.de
[edit] Tags:Republic, | |
| Public transport | |
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Public transport is very well catered for. It is controlled by the Augsburger Verkehrsverbund (Augsburg transport union, AVV) extended over central Swabia. There are seven rail Regionalbahn lines, five tram lines, 27 city bus lines and six night bus lines, as well as, several taxi companies.
The tram network is now 35.5 km-long after the opening of new lines to the university in 1996, the northern city boundary in 2001 and to the Klinikum Augsburg (Augsburg hospital) in 2002. Tram line 6, which runs 5.2 km from Friedberg West to Rotes Tor, opened in December 2010.[7]
[edit] Tags: | |
| Rail services | |
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The front of the station
Augsburg has seven stations. The Hauptbahnhof (main station) built from 1843 to 1846 is Germany’s oldest main station in a large city still providing services in the original building. It is currently being modernized and an underground tram station is built underneath it. Hauptbahnhof is on the Munich–Augsburg and Ulm–Augsburg lines and is connected by ICE and IC services to Munich, Berlin, Dortmund, Frankfurt, Hamburg and Stuttgart. As of December 2007, the French TGV connected Augsburg with a direct High Speed Connection to Paris. In addition EC and night train services connect to Amsterdam, Paris and Vienna and connections will be substantially improved by the creation of the planned Magistrale for Europe.
The AVV operates seven Regionalbahn lines from the main station to:
Mammendorf
Schmiechen
Aichach/Radersdorf
Meitingen/Donauwörth
Dinkelscherben
Schwabmünchen
Klosterlechfeld
Starting in 2008, the regional services are planned to be altered to S-Bahn frequencies and developed long term as integrated into the Augsburg S-Bahn.
[edit] Tags: | |
| Air transport | |
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Until 2005 Augsburg was served by nearby Augsburg Airport (AGB). In that year all air passenger transport has been relocated to Munich Airport. Since then the Airport only serves for General aviation and business aviation.
[edit] Tags: | |
| Economy | |
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Statue of Archangel Michael in Augsburg
KUKA´s industrial robots
Augsburg is a vibrant industrial city. Many global market leaders namely MAN, EADS or KUKA produce high technology products like printing systems, large diesel engines, industrial robots or components for the Airbus A380 and the Ariane carrier rocket. After Munich, Augsburg is considered the high-tech centre for Information and Communication in Bavaria and takes advantage of its lower operating costs, yet close proximity to Munich and potential customers.
[edit] Tags: | |
| Major companies | |
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Boewe Systec
EADS
EMCON Technologies (former Zeuna-Staerker)
Fujitsu Technology Solutions
KUKA Robotics / Systems
MAN (Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg)
manroland
MT-Aerospace
NCR
Osram
Premium AEROTEC
Siemens
UPM-Kymmene (former Haindl)
Verlagsgruppe Weltbild
WashTec (former Kleindienst)
[edit] Tags: | |
| Education | |
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Augsburg is home to the following universities and colleges:
University of Augsburg, founded in 1970[8]
Hochschule Augsburg (University of Applied Sciences, formerly Fachhochschule Augsburg)
[edit] Tags: | |
| Media | |
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The local newspaper is the Augsburger Allgemeine first published in 1807. Besides, there are several local radio stations and a local TV station (a.tv).
[edit] Tags: | |
| Notable citizens | |
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Holbein's house
died 304 Saint Afra
c.890-973 Saint Ulrich
1070-1127 Saint Wolfhard
1459–1525 Jakob Fugger Noted banker and financial broker. An area within the city, called the Fuggerei was set aside for the poor and needy. Founded in 1519.
1460–1524 Hans Holbein the Elder, a pioneer in the transformation of German art from the Gothic to the Renaissance style.
1497–1543 Hans Holbein the Younger, portrait and religious painter.
1517–1579 Paulus Hector Mair, martial artist.
1573–1646 Elias Holl, architect
1580–1627 Julius Schiller, lawyer and astronomer.
1704–1767 Johann Jakob Haid, engraver
1719–1787 Leopold Mozart, father of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.
1740-1786 Christoph Christian Sturm, German preacher and author.
1898–1956 Bertolt Brecht, famous German writer.
1858–1913 Rudolf Diesel, inventor of the diesel engine.
1920-2011 Mietek Pemper, compiled and typed Oskar Schindler's list, which saved 1,200 Jewish prisoners from the Holocaust.[9][10]
1933 Tags: | |
zote monety |