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| Greek | |
| 3>
In Ancient Greek, alpha was pronounced [a] when short and [aː] when long. Where there is ambiguity, long and short alpha are sometimes written with a macron and breve today: Ᾱᾱ, Ᾰᾰ.
ὥρα = ὥρᾱ hōrā [hɔ̌ːraː] "a time"
γλῶσσα = γλῶσσᾰ glôssa [ɡlɔ̂ːssa] "tongue"
In Modern Greek, vowel length has been lost, and all instances of alpha represent the short [a].
In the polytonic orthography of Greek, alpha, like other vowel letters, can occur with several diacritic marks: any of three accent symbols (ά, ὰ, ᾶ), and either of two breathing marks (ἁ, ἀ), as well as combinations of these. It can also combine with the iota subscript (ᾳ).
Tags:Iota,Greek,A,[hɔ̌ːraː],[ɡlɔ̂ːssa],Modern Greek,[a],Iota Subscript,Ancient Greek,Vowel Letters, | |
| Greek grammar | |
| 4>
In the Attic-Ionic dialect of Ancient Greek, long alpha [aː] fronted to [ɛː] (eta). In Ionic, the shift took place in all positions. In Attic, the shift did not take place after epsilon, iota, and rho (ε, ι, ρ; e, i, r). In Doric and Aeolic, long alpha is preserved in all positions.[2]
Doric, Aeolic, Attic χώρᾱ chṓrā — Ionic χώρη chṓrē, "country"
Doric, Aeolic φᾱ́μᾱ phā́mā — Attic, Ionic φήμη phḗmē, "report"
Privative a is the Ancient Greek prefix ἀ- or ἀν- a-, an-, added to words to negate them. It originates from the Proto-Indo-European *n̥- (syllabic nasal) and is cognate with English un-.
Copulative a is the Greek prefix ἁ- or ἀ- ha-, a-. It comes from Proto-Indo-European *sm̥.
Tags:Epsilon,Rho,Eta,Psi,Attic,ɛː,Doric,Privative A,Syllabic,Cognate,Copulative A, | |
| Math and science | |
| 3>
Main article: Alpha (disambiguation)
The letter alpha represents various concepts in physics and chemistry, including alpha radiation, angular acceleration, alpha particles, alpha carbon and strength of electromagnetic interaction (as Fine-structure constant). Alpha also stands for thermal expansion coefficient of a compound in physical chemistry. It is also commonly used in mathematics in algebraic solutions representing quantities such as angles. Furthermore, in mathematics, the letter alpha is used to denote the area underneath a normal curve in statistics to denote significance level[3] when proving null and alternative hypotheses. In zoology, is used to name the dominant individual in a wolf or dog pack.
The uppercase letter alpha is not generally used as a symbol because it tends to be rendered identically to the uppercase Latin A.
Tags:Nu,Physics,Chemistry,Angular Acceleration,Electromagnetic Interaction,Thermal Expansion Coefficient,Compound,Physical Chemistry,Mathematics,Normal Curve,Statistics,Significance Level,Null, | |
| International Phonetic Alphabet | |
| 3>
In the International Phonetic Alphabet, a letter based on the lower case of alpha represents the open back unrounded vowel.
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| Etymology | |
| 3>
Alpha was derived from aleph, which in Phoenician means "ox".[4]
According to a medieval folk etymology attested in Etymologicum Magnum, alpha was connected to álphō (άλφω) "to invent": thus alpha is the "first invented letter".[5]
Tags:Aleph,Phoenician,Ox,Folk Etymology, | |
| Plutarch | |
| 3>
Plutarch, in Moralia,[6] presents a discussion on why the letter alpha stands first in the alphabet. Ammonius asks Plutarch what he, being a Boeotian, has to say for Cadmus, the Phoenician who reputedly settled in Thebes and introduced the alphabet to Greece, placing alpha first because it is the Phoenician name for ox — which, unlike Hesiod,[7] the Phoenicians considered not the second or third, but the first of all necessities. "Nothing at all," Plutarch replied. He then added that he would rather be assisted by Lamprias, his own grandfather, than by Dionysus' grandfather, i.e. Cadmus. For Lamprias had said that the first articulate sound made is "alpha", because it is very plain and simple — the air coming off the mouth does not require any motion of the tongue — and therefore this is the first sound that children make.
According to Plutarch's natural order of attribution of the vowels to the planets, alpha was connected with the Moon.
Tags:Chi,Mu,Plutarch,Moralia,Boeotian,Cadmus,Hesiod,Lamprias,Vowels, | |
| Alpha and Omega | |
| 3>
Memorial Stained Glass window, Royal Military College of Canada features Alpha and Omega
Alpha, both as a symbol and term, is used to refer to or describe a variety of things, including the first or most significant occurrence of something. The New Testament has God declaring himself to be the "Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end, the first and the last." (Revelation 22:13, KJV, and see also 1:8).
Tags:Royal Military College Of Canada, | |
| Computer encoding | |
| 2>
Uppercase and lowercase Greek alpha are represented in Unicode as U+0391 (Α) and U+03B1 (α) respectively. For a table of accented Greek characters, see Greek diacritics: Computer encoding. Other related characters are encoded as follows:
description
character
Unicode
HTML
LATIN LETTER ALPHA
Ɑ
ɑ
U+2C6D
U+0251
Ɑ
ɑ
LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED ALPHA
ɒ
U+0252
ɒ
LATIN SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH RETROFLEX HOOK
ᶐ
U+1D90
ᶐ
MODIFIER LETTER SMALL ALPHA
◌ᵅ
U+1D45
ᵅ
MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED ALPHA
◌ᶛ
U+1D9B
ᶛ
APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL ALPHA
α
U+237A
⍺
APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL ALPHA UNDERBAR
⍶
U+2376
⍶
MATHEMATICAL BOLD ALPHA
𝚨
𝛂
U+1D6A8
U+1D6C2
𝚨
𝛂
MATHEMATICAL ITALIC ALPHA
𝛢
𝛼
U+1D6E2
U+1D6FC
𝛢
𝛼
MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC ALPHA
𝜜
𝜶
U+1D71C
U+1D736
𝜜
𝜶
MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ALPHA
𝝖
𝝰
U+1D756
U+1D770
𝝖
𝝰
MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC ALPHA
𝞐
𝞪
U+1D790
U+1D7AA
𝞐
𝞪
The HTML character entities for uppercase and lowercase alpha are
Α
α
Tags:Diacritics,Unicode, | |
| References | |
| 2>
^ http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/alpha
^ Herbert Weir Smyth. Greek grammar for colleges. paragraph 30 and note.
^ "Chapter 5: Analysing the Data Part II : Inferential Statistics". Research Methods and Statistics PESS202 Lecture and Commentary Notes. http://www.une.edu.au/WebStat/unit_materials/c5_inferential_statistics/what_alpha_level.html.
^ alpha on the Online Etymology Dictionary
^ άλφα: τό στοιχείον, παρά τό άλφω τό ευρίσκω: πρώτον γάρ τών άλλων στοιχείων ευρέθη:Alpha: the letter, from alpho "I invent": for it was invented first before the other letters
^ Symposiacs, Book IX, questions II & III On-line text at Adelaide library
^ Hesiod, in Works and Days (see on Perseus Project), advises the early Greek farmers, "First of all, get a house, then a woman and third, an ox for the plough."
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alpha&oldid=474585367"
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