Albania - Photos and All Basic Informations

Albania Photos:

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Albania Basic Informations:

Etymology

2> Main article: Albania (toponym) Albania is the Medieval Latin name of the country which is called Shqipëri by its people. In Medieval Greek, the country's name is Albania (Greek: Ἀλβανία) besides variants Albanitia, Arbanitia.[14] The name may be derived from the Illyrian tribe of the Albani recorded by Ptolemy, the geographer and astronomer from Alexandria who drafted a map in 150 AD[15] that shows the city of Albanopolis[16] (located northeast of Durrës). The name may have a continuation in the name of a medieval settlement called Albanon and Arbanon, although it is not certain this was the same place.[17] In his History written in 1079–1080, Byzantine historian Michael Attaliates was the first to refer to Albanoi as having taken part in a revolt against Constantinople in 1043 and to the Arbanitai as subjects of the Duke of Dyrrachium.[18] During the Middle Ages, the Albanians called their country Arbër or Arbën and referred to themselves as Arbëresh or Arbnesh.[19][20] As early as the 16th century the placename Shqipëria and the ethnic demonym Shqiptarë gradually replaced Arbëria and Arbëresh. While the two terms are popularly interpreted as "Land of the Eagles" and "Children of the Eagles", they derive from the adverb shqip, which means "understanding each other".[21][22] Under the Ottoman Empire Albania was referred to officially as Arnavutluk and its inhabitants as Arnauts (officially, Arnavutlar). These terms remain the same officially and in common usage in the current Republic of Turkey.[23] The word is considered to be a metathesis from the word Arvanite, which was the Medieval Greek name for the Albanians.[24]

Tags:Demonym,All,Al,Greek,Un,Medieval Latin,Illyrian Tribe,Ptolemy,Albanopolis,Durrës,Byzantine,Michael Attaliates,Constantinople,Dyrrachium,Arbëresh,Popularly,Arnauts,Metathesis,Arvanite,Medieval Greek,Illyria,Ottoman Empire,

History

2> History of Albania Prehistory Prehistoric Balkans Antiquity Illyria Illyrians Macedonia (Roman province) Illyricum Middle Ages Albania in the Middle Ages Albania under the Byzantine Empire Albania under the Bulgarian Empire Albania under the Serbian Empire Principality of Arbër Kingdom of Albania Albanian Principalities League of Lezhë Venetian Albania Ottoman Albania Ottoman Albania Sanjak of Albania Sanjak of Scutari Sanjak of Debar Scutari Vilayet Janina Vilayet Kosovo Vilayet Albanian Pashaliks Massacre of the Albanian beys Albanian National Awakening Revolts of 1833-1839 Revolt of 1843-1844 Revolt of 1847 League of Prizren League of Peja Revolt of 1910 Revolt of 1911 Battle of Deçiq Revolt of 1912 Albanian Vilayet Albanian Declaration of Independence Post-Independence Independent Albania Provisional Government Albanian Congress of Trieste International Commission of Control Balkan Wars Principality of Albania Peasant Revolt in Albania Republic of Central Albania Vlora War Republic of Korçë Republic of Mirdita Italian Protectorate on southern Albania Vlora War Congress of Lushnjë Italian protectorate over Albania Union of Italia & Albania Albania under Germany Albanian Resistance Second League of Prizren Liberation of Albania Communist Albania Contemporary Albania Post-Communism 1997 unrest Republic of Albania This box: view talk edit Main article: History of Albania The history of Albania emerged from the prehistoric stage from the 4th century BC, with early records of Illyria in Greco-Roman historiography. The modern territory of Albania has no counterpart in antiquity, comprising parts of the Roman provinces of Dalmatia (southern Illyricum), Macedonia (particularly Epirus Nova), and Moesia Superior. The territory remained under Roman (Byzantine) control until the Slavic migrations of the 7th century, and was integrated into the Bulgarian Empire in the 9th century. The territorial nucleus of the Albanian state formed in the Middle Ages, as the Principality of Arbër and the Kingdom of Albania. The first records of the Albanian people as a distinct ethnicity also date to this period. In 15th century there was a series of confrontations between Albanians led by Scanderbeg and the advancing Ottoman Empire. Soon after the death of Scanderbeg, upon the successful Ottoman siege of Shkodra in 1478, the organized resistance ceased and the country became part of Ottoman Empire. It remained under Ottoman control as part of the Rumelia province until 1912, when the first independent Albanian state was declared. The formation of an Albanian national consciousness dates to the latter 19th century and is part of the larger phenomenon of rise of nationalism under the Ottoman Empire. The first organization which opposed the partition of Albania and pushed for greater autonomy was the League of Prizren, formed on 1 June 1878, in Prizren, Kosovo. The League of Prizren used military force to prevent the annexing of northern Albanian areas assigned to Montenegro, and Serbia, and southern Albanian areas assigned to Greece by the Congress of Berlin. After several battles with the Montenegran troops, the league was forced to cede Ulcinj to Montenegro and then was defeated by the Ottoman Army sent by the Sultan in order to prevent the league from achieving autonomy for Albania.[25] The uprisings of 1910-1912, and the Ottoman defeat in the Balkan Wars, and the advancing Montenegran, Serbian, and Greek armies into the territory of what is now Albania, led to the proclamation of independence by Ismail Qemali in Vlora, on 28 November 1912. Albania's independence was recognized by the Conference of London on July 29, 1913, but the drawing of the borders of Albania ignored the demographic realities of the time.[26] The short-lived monarchy (1914–1925) was succeeded by an even shorter-lived first Albanian Republic (1925–1928), to be replaced by another monarchy (1928–1939), which was annexed by Fascist Italy and then by Nazi Germany during World War II. After the collapse of the Axis powers, Albania became a communist state, the People's Socialist Republic of Albania, which was dominated by Enver Hoxha (died 1985). Hoxha's political heir Ramiz Alia oversaw the disintegration of the "Hoxhaist" state during the wider collapse of the Eastern Bloc in the later 1980s. The communist regime collapsed in 1990, and the Republic of Albania was founded in 1991. The old communist party was routed in the elections of March 1992, amid economic collapse and social unrest. An economic crisis spread in the late 1996 following the failure of some Ponzi schemes operating in the country, peaking in 1997 in an armed rebellion, that led to another mass emigration of Albanians, mostly to Italy, Greece, Switzerland, Germany and North America. In 1999 the country was affected by the Kosovo War, when a great number of Albanians from Kosovo found refuge in Albania. Albania became a full member of NATO in 2009. The country is applying to join the European Union. Independence Independent Albania Principality of Albania Albanian Republic Albanian Kingdom Albania under Italy Albania under Germany Communist Albania Republic of Albania 1912 1912–1914 1914–1925 1925–1928 1928–1939 1939–1943 1943–1944 1944–1992 since 1992 George Kastrioti Skanderbeg (1405–1468) Ismail Qemali, hero of Albanian independence (1912–14) President (1925–28) and King (1928–39) Zog of Albania Enver Hoxha (1944–1985)

Tags:Montenegro,Kosovo,Greece,Italy,Nato,Illyrians,Macedonia (roman Province),Principality Of Arbër,League Of Lezhë,Sanjak Of Scutari,Sanjak Of Debar,Scutari Vilayet,Janina Vilayet,Kosovo Vilayet,League Of Prizren,League Of Peja,Battle Of Deçiq,International Commission Of Control,Vlora War,Republic Of Mirdita,Congress Of Lushnjë,Second League Of Prizren,Prehistoric Stage,Dalmatia,Illyricum,Macedonia,Epirus Nova,Moesia Superior,Slavic Migrations,Scanderbeg,Siege Of Shkodra In 1478,

Administrative divisions

2> Main articles: Counties of Albania, Districts of Albania, and Municipalities of Albania Albania is divided into 12 administrative counties (Albanian: qark or prefekturë). These counties include 36 districts (Albanian: rreth) and 373 municipalities (Albanian: bashki or komunë). 72 municipalities have city status (Albanian: qytet). There are overall 2980 villages/communities (Albanian: fshat) in all Albania. Each district has its council which is composed of a number of municipalities. The municipalities are the first level of local governance, responsible for local needs and law enforcement.[27] County Capital Districts Municipalities Cities Villages 1 Berat Berat Berat Kuçovë Skrapar 10 2 8 2 1 2 122 18 105 2 Dibër Peshkopi Bulqizë Dibër Mat 7 14 10 1 1 2 63 141 76 3 Durrës Durrës Durrës Krujë 6 4 4 2 62 44 4 Elbasan Elbasan Elbasan Gramsh Librazhd Peqin 20 9 9 5 3 1 2 1 177 95 75 49 5 Fier Fier Fier Lushnjë Mallakastër 14 14 8 3 2 1 117 121 40 6 Gjirokastër Gjirokastër Gjirokastër Përmet Tepelenë 11 7 8 2 2 2 96 98 77 7 Korçë Korçë Devoll Kolonjë Korçë Pogradec 4 6 14 7 1 2 2 1 44 76 153 72 8 Kukës Kukës Has Kukës Tropojë 3 14 7 1 1 1 30 89 68 9 Lezhë Lezhë Kurbin Lezhë Mirditë 2 9 5 2 1 2 26 62 80 10 Shkodër Shkodër Malësi e Madhe Pukë Shkodër 5 8 15 1 2 2 56 75 141 11 Tirana Tirana Kavajë Tirana 8 16 2 3 66 167 12 Vlorë Vlorë Delvinë Sarandë Vlorë 3 7 9 1 2 4 38 62 99

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Government, politics and armed forces

2> Main article: Politics of Albania Albania This article is part of the series: Politics and government of Albania Constitution Constitution Human rights Legislature Assembly Chairman Jozefina Topalli Political parties Judiciary Constitutional Court Administrative Court Court of Justice (ordinary jurisdiction) Supreme Court Executive President Bamir Topi Prime Minister Sali Berisha Cabinet Divisions Districts Counties Municipalities Elections 2001 2005 2009 Foreign policy Foreign relations Accession to European Union Other countries · Atlas Politics portal view talk edit The Albanian republic is a parliamentary democracy established under a constitution renewed in 1998. Elections are held every four years to a unicameral 140-seat chamber, the People's Assembly. In June 2002, a compromise candidate, Alfred Moisiu, former Army General, was elected to succeed President Rexhep Meidani. Parliamentary elections in July 2005 brought Sali Berisha, an ex-Albanian communist party member, back to power as leader of the Democratic Party. The current president Bamir Topi was elected by Parliament in July 2007. The Euro-Atlantic integration of Albania has been the ultimate goal of the post-communist governments. Albania's EU membership bid has been set as a priority by the European Commission. Albania, along with Croatia, joined NATO on 1 April 2009, becoming the 27th and 28th members of the alliance.[28] The workforce of Albania has continued to migrate to Greece, Italy, Germany, other parts of Europe, and North America. However, the migration flux is slowly decreasing, as more and more opportunities are emerging in Albania itself as its economy steadily develops.

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Executive branch

3> The head of state in Albania is the President of the Republic. The President is elected to a 5-year term by the Assembly of the Republic of Albania by secret ballot, requiring a 50%+1 majority of the votes of all deputies. The next election will

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