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| Overview | |
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Among the objectives of the AU's leading institutions are:
to accelerate the political and socio-economic integration of the continent;
to promote and defend African common positions on issues of interest to the continent and its peoples;
to achieve peace and security in Africa; and
to promote democratic institutions, good governance and human rights.
The African Union is made up of both political and administrative bodies. The highest decision-making organ is the Assembly of the African Union, made up of all the heads of state or government of member states of the AU. The Assembly is chaired by Yayi Boni, president of Benin, elected at the 18thordinary meeting of the Assembly in January 2012. The AU also has a representative body, the Pan African Parliament, which consists of 265 members elected by the national parliaments of the AU member states. Its president is Idriss Ndele Moussa.
Other political institutions of the AU include
the Executive Council, made up of foreign ministers, which prepares decisions for the Assembly;
the Permanent Representatives Committee, made up of the ambassadors to Addis Ababa of AU member states; and
the Economic, Social, and Cultural Council (ECOSOCC), a civil society consultative body.
The AU Commission, the secretariat to the political structures, is chaired by Jean Ping of Gabon.
The African Union's new headquarters complex in Addis Ababa.
The main administrative capital of the African Union is in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, where the African Union Commission is headquartered. A new headquarters complex, the AU Conference Center and Office Complex (AUCC), was inaugurated on 28th January 2012, during the 18th AU summit.[9] The complex was built by China State Construction Engineering Corporation as a gift from the Chinese government, and accommodates, amongst other facilities, a 2,500-seat plenary hall and a 20-story office tower. The tower is 99.9 meters high to signify the date 9th September 1999, when the Organization of African Unity voted to become the African Union.[10]
Other AU structures are hosted by different member states:
the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights is based in Banjul, The Gambia; and
the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) and APRM Secretariats and the Pan-African Parliament are in Midrand, South Africa.
The AU covers the entire continent except for the Îles Éparses, Réunion, Mayotte, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, Madeira, Spanish North Africa, and Morocco. Morocco is not a member because its government opposes the membership of Western Sahara as the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. However, Morocco has a special status within the AU and benefits from the services available to all AU states from the institutions of the AU, such as the African Development Bank. Moroccan delegates also participate at important AU functions, and negotiations continue to try to resolve the conflict with the Polisario Front in Tindouf, Algeria and the parts of Western Sahara.
The AU's first military intervention in a member state was the May 2003 deployment of a peacekeeping force of soldiers from South Africa, Ethiopia, and Mozambique to Burundi to oversee the implementation of the various agreements. AU troops were also deployed in Sudan for peacekeeping in the Darfur conflict, before the mission was handed over to the United Nations on 1 January 2008 UNAMID. The AU has also sent a peacekeeping mission to Somalia, of which the peacekeeping troops are from Uganda and Burundi.
The AU has adopted a number of important new documents establishing norms at continental level, to supplement those already in force when it was created. These include the African Union Convention on Preventing and Combating Corruption (2003), the African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance (2007), the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) and its associated Declaration on Democracy, Political, Economic and Corporate Governance.[11]
[edit] Tags:Addis Ababa,Midrand,Idriss Ndele Moussa,States,Ethiopia,Human Rights,Yayi Boni,Benin,Pan African Parliament,Foreign Ministers,Permanent Representatives Committee,Ambassadors,Economic, Social, And Cultural Council,Jean Ping,Gabon,China State Construction Engineering Corporation,Chinese Government,Organization Of African Unity,African Commission On Human And Peoples' Rights,Banjul,The Gambia,New Partnership For Africa's Development,Aprm,Secretariats,Pan-african Parliament,South Africa,Îles Éparses,Réunion,Mayotte,Saint Helena, Ascension And Tristan Da Cunha,Madeira,Spanish North Africa,Morocco,Western Sahara,Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic,African Development Bank,Polisario Front,Tindouf,Algeria,Parts Of Western Sahara,Mozambique,Burundi,Sudan,Darfur Conflict,United Nations,Unamid,Somalia,Uganda,African Charter On Democracy, Elections And Governance,Economic, | |
| Treaties | |
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Signed
In force
Document
1961
1961
1963
1963
OAU Charter
1991
N/A
Abuja Treaty
1999
2002
Sirte Declaration
Organisation of African Unity (OAU)
African Economic Community:
Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN-SAD)
Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)
East African Community (EAC)
Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS)
Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD)
Southern African Development Community (SADC)
Arab Maghreb Union (AMU)
Casablanca Group
African Union (AU)
Monrovia Group
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[edit] Tags:Organisation Of African Unity,Sirte Declaration,Casablanca Group, | |
| Membership | |
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See also: List of African Union member states by political system, List of African Union member states by population, and Enlargement of the African Union
Map of the African Union with suspended states highlighted in light green.
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| Members | |
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The following countries are members of the African Union:[12]
Algeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Republic of the Congo
Côte d'Ivoire
Djibouti
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea-Bissau
Guinea
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
São Tomé and PrÃncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
South Sudan[13]
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Tunisia
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
[edit] Tags:South Sudan,Zimbabwe,Democratic Republic Of The Congo, | |
| Former members | |
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Morocco - left the AU's predecessor, the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) in 1984, when the majority of member countries supported the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (proclaimed by the Polisario Front in 1976 claiming the representation of the Western Sahara), resulting on SADR admission in the AU.[15][16] Morocco's ally, Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of the Congo), similarly opposed the OAU's admission of the Sahrawi Republic, and the Mobutu regime boycotted the organisation from 1984 to 1986.[17] Some countries have since retracted their support for the Sahrawi Republic.
[edit] Tags:Zaire,Mobutu, | |
| Organisations | |
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The African Union has a number of official bodies:
Pan-African Parliament (PAP)
To become the highest legislative body of the African Union. The seat of the PAP is at Midrand, South Africa. The Parliament is composed of 265 elected representatives from all 54 AU states, and intended to provide popular and civil-society participation in the processes of democratic governance. Its president is Hon. Dr. Idriss Ndele Moussa of Chad.
Assembly of the African Union
Composed of heads of state and heads of government of AU states, the Assembly is currently the supreme governing body of the African Union. It is gradually devolving some of its decision-making powers to the Pan African Parliament. It meets once a year and makes its decisions by consensus or by a two-thirds majority. The current chair of the AU is President Yayi Boni of Benin.
African Union Authority
The secretariat of the African Union, composed of ten commissioners and supporting staff and headquartered in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. In a similar fashion to its European counterpart, the European Commission, it is responsible for the administration and co-ordination of the AU's activities and meetings.
African Court of Justice
The Constitutive Act provides for a Court of Justice to rule on disputes over interpreta Tags:Union Of African States,African Economic Community, | |
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