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| Events | |
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This statue of a yogini goddess was created in Kaveripakkam in Tamil Nadu, India, during the 10th century.
The beginning of the Medieval Warm Period
The Byzantine empire reaches the height of its military and economic strength
[edit] Tags:Yogini,Tamil Nadu,India,Medieval Warm Period,Byzantine Empire, | |
| Africa | |
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c. 909: The Fatimid Caliphate arises in eastern Algeria.
c. 948: The Nri Kingdom in what is now Southeastern Nigeria starts.
c. 980: Al-Azhar University is established in Cairo by the Fatimid dynasty.
The Christian Nubian kingdom reaches its peak of prosperity and military power (Early history of Sudan)
[edit] Tags:Christian,909,Fatimid Caliphate,Algeria,948,Nri Kingdom,Nigeria,980,Al-azhar University,Cairo,Fatimid,Nubian,Early History Of Sudan, | |
| Americas | |
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Collapse of the central lowland Maya civilization. End of Classic Maya period, begin Post-Classic Maya.
Rise of the Toltecs in Mexico
Golden age of the Ancestral Puebloans (Pueblo II Era)
The Mississippian culture begins in present day Southern United States
[edit] Tags:Maya Civilization,Toltecs,Mexico,Ancestral Puebloans,Pueblo Ii Era,Mississippian Culture,Southern United States,Toltec, | |
| Asia | |
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Divided China, 923
Buddhist temple construction commences at Bagan, Burma
In 919, the first use of gunpowder in battle occurred with the Chinese Battle of Lang-shan Jiang (Wolf Mountain River), where the naval fleet of the Wen-Mu-King defeated Chien Yuan Kuan because Wen had used 'fire oil' (huo yóu, 火油) of gunpowder-fuse ignited flamethrowers to burn Chien's fleet.
In 910, Parantaka I of the Chola Dynasty drove out the Pandyan from southern India into Lanka (now Sri Lanka), which he also eventually conquered.
In 928, Ziyarid dynasty was established in northern Iran.
In 930s, Persian Shia Buyid dynasty established and controlled central and western part of Iran as well as most of Iraq.
In 936, Goryeo Dynasty unified Later Three Kingdoms of Korea.
In 975, Ghaznavids dynasty, as the first Turk Sultanate, was established in Central Asia.
Coastal cities on the Malay Peninsula are the seed for the first recorded Malay kingdoms
993: the Arab maritime captain Abu Himyarite from Yemen toured Guangzhou port, and was an avid visitor to China
Seljuks convert to Islam.
In 999, Samanid dynasty was defeated and conquered by Ghaznavids.
[edit] Tags:930s,Buddhist,Bagan,Burma,919,Gunpowder,Battle Of Lang-shan Jiang,Wen-mu-king,Chien Yuan Kuan,Fuse,Flamethrowers,910,Parantaka I,Chola Dynasty,Pandyan,Sri Lanka,928,Ziyarid Dynasty,Persian,Shia,Buyid Dynasty,Iran,Iraq,936,Goryeo Dynasty,Later Three Kingdoms Of Korea,975,Ghaznavids,Turk,Sultanate,Central Asia,Malay Peninsula,Malay,Kingdoms,993,Abu Himyarite,Yemen,Guangzhou,Seljuks,Islam,999,Samanid Dynasty,China, | |
| Europe | |
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The Bulgarian victory at Anchialos.
Viking groups settle in northern France
The Norse become Normans
Foundation of Cluny, first federated monastic order
In 917 the Bulgarians destroyed the Byzantine army in the Battle of Anchialus, one of the bloodiest battles in the Middle Ages
927: official recognition of the first independent national Church in Europe, the Bulgarian Patriarchate
Incursions of Magyar (Hungarian) cavalry throughout Western Europe (47 expeditions in Germany, Italy and France, 899–970)
Mieszko I, first duke of Poland, baptised a Christian in 966
Collapse of Great Moravia
The medieval Croatian state becomes a unified kingdom under Tomislav
20th century Belgian astronomer Jean Meeus asserts that the positions of the eight planets and Pluto were within the same 90° arc of the Solar System on 1 February 949.
Swedish influence extends to the Black Sea
Vladimir I, Prince of Kievan Rus, baptised a Christian in 988
Reindeer and Bears become extinct in Britain
Lions become extinct in Europe by this date, with the last dying in Caucasus.
Second half of the 10th century – Page with David the Psalmist, from the Paris Psalter, is made. It is now kept at Bibliothéque Nationale, Paris.
Late 10th or early 11th century – Archangel Michail, icon, is made. It is now kept at Treasury of the Cathedral of Saint Mark, Venice.
[edit] Tags:Kievan Rus,Anchialos,Viking,France,Normans,Cluny,Monastic,917,Bulgarians,Battle Of Anchialus,927,Bulgarian Patriarchate,Magyar,Germany,Italy,899,970,Mieszko I,Poland,966,Great Moravia,Unified Kingdom,Tomislav,Belgian,Astronomer,Jean Meeus,Planets,Pluto,Solar System,Swedish,Black Sea,Vladimir I,988,Reindeer,Bears,Britain,Lions,Caucasus,Paris Psalter,Bibliothéque Nationale,Paris,Venice,949,Europe,Bulgaria, | |
| Significant people | |
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Half-section of the Night Revels of Han Xizai, by Chinese artist Gu Hongzhong, 10th century. A woman is seen entertaining guests with a pipa on the right-hand side.
[edit] Tags:Chinese Artist,Gu Hongzhong,Pipa, | |
| Americas | |
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Topiltzin Ce Acatl Quetzalcoatl, semi-legendaric Toltec ruler, (exact years of his life are unknown)
[edit] Tags:Topiltzin Ce Acatl Quetzalcoatl, | |
| Eurasia and Eastern Roman Empire | |
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Nicephorus II, Emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire (lived 912–969, reigned 963–969)
John I Tzimisces, Emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire (lived 925–976, reigned 969–976)
Basil II, Emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire, (lived 958–1025, reigned 976–1025)
[edit] Tags:Nicephorus Ii,Eastern Roman Empire,912,969,963,John I Tzimisces,925,976,Basil Ii,958,1025, | |
| Asia | |
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The Indian god Ganesha, made of sandstone, and discovered in Cambodia. Birmingham Museum of Art.
Adikavi Pampa an early Kannada language poet (born in 902)
Ranna, an early Kannada language poet from India, (born in 949)
Huyan Zan, Chinese general (died in 1000)
Li Cheng, Chinese landscape painter
Tailapa II, re-established the Western Chalukya Empire of India (reigned 973–997)
Zhang Sixun, Chinese astronomer and mechanical engineer
Ferdowsi, Persian poet
Li Fang, Chinese scholar and encyclopedist (925–996)
Emperor Taizu of Song, founder of the Chinese Song Dynasty (lived March 21, 927–November 14, 976, reigned 960–976)
Parantaka I, ruler of the Chola Dynasty of India – Tamil King (reigned 907–950)
Raja Raja Chola I, ruler of the Chola Dynasty of India – Tamil King
Avicenna, one of the foremost physician and philosopher of Medieval Era(c. 980 - 1037).[3]
Al-Farabi, a Muslim polymath and one of the greatest scientists and philosophers (c. 872 – between 14 December, 950 and 12 January, 951).[4]
Alhazen, a Muslim scientist and mathematician, (965 in Basra - c. 1039 in Cairo)
Abu Rayhan Biruni, a Muslim Scientist, (born 5 September 973 in Kath, Khwarezm, died 13 December 1048 in Ghazni)
Taejo of Goryeo, founder of the Korean Goryeo Dynasty (lived January 31, 877 – July 4, 943, reigned 918–943)
[edit] Tags:1000,965,Ganesha,Sandstone,Cambodia,Birmingham Museum Of Art,Adikavi Pampa,Kannada Language,902,Ranna,Huyan Zan,Li Cheng,Tailapa Ii,Western Chalukya Empire,973,997,Zhang Sixun,Mechanical Engineer,Ferdowsi,Li Fang,996,Emperor Taizu Of Song,Song Dynasty,960,907,950,Raja Raja Chola I,Avicenna,Al-farabi,Muslim,Polymath,Scientists,Philosophers,14 December,12 January, | |
| Europe | |
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Harald Fairhair, king of Norway, united Norway in 872 and remained its ruler until 933. One of the most powerful lords of Europe at the time.
Vladimir I, Prince of Kievan Rus (lived 958–1015)
Tomislav, king of Croatia, united the medieval Croatian state into the Kingdom of Croatia, crowned in 925
Abd-ar-rahman III of Cordoba
Simeon the Great, Emperor of Bulgaria (reigned 893–927)
Otto I the Great, Holy Roman Emperor (lived 912–973, reigned 936–973)
King Edmund I of England (lived 921–946, reigned 939–946)
Hugh Capet (lived 938–996), first Capetian King of France
Géza of Hungary, ruler of the Magyars (lived 940–997, reigned 970–997)
Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor (lived 955–983, reigned 973–983)
Theophanu, wife of Otto II, mother and Regent of Otto III, (lived 956–991, reigned 983–991)
Tsar Samuil of Bulgaria (lived 958–1014, reigned 976–1014)
Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor (lived 980–1002, reigned 983–1002)
Erik the Red, Norwegian explorer, founded Greenland
Leif Eiriksson, Norwegian explorer, son of Erik the Red, made the first European attempt to settle in America.
Olav Tryggvason becomes the first king to try to Christianize Norway, dies at the Battle of Svolder in 1000.
[edit] Tags: | |
| Inventions, discoveries, introductions | |
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Earliest known representation of a gun (a fire lance) and a grenade (upper right), from the cave murals of Dunhuang, China, 10th century.
List of 9th-10th centuries inventions
10th century-12th century - Seated Guaryin Bodhisattva, is made. Liao dynasty. It is now kept at The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, Missouri.
Construction begins on the Brihadeeswarar Temple of India, during the reign of Rajaraja Chola I
The first pound lock is invented by the Chinese engineer Qiao Weiyo, improving the canal lock system.
Fire Arrows are invented by the Chinese, along with the use of the first blackpowder impregnated fuses for igniting the blast of double-piston flamethrowers which employed Greek Fire, an imported good from Arabia in the early part of the century.
Earliest known occurrence in Mexico of Lost-wax casting.
Three of the Four Great Books of Song are published (the last one in 1013), which were enormous Chinese encyclopedias having millions of written Chinese characters each.
Hops first mentioned in connection with beer brewing
Zhang Sixun of China uses for the first time liquid mercury (element) instead of water to power the escapement mechanism rotating an armillary sphere, since liquid mercury does not freeze easily like water during winter, and does not rust metal parts
[edit] Tags:Centuries, | |
| Decades and years | |
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Decades and years
10th century
8th century←9th century← ↔ →11th century→12th century
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[edit] Tags:Millennium,Decades,910s,920s,940s,950s,960s,970s,980s,990s,901, | |
| Notes | |
| 2>
^ Quoted in The Tenth Century: How Dark the Dark Ages?, edited by Robert Sabatino Lopez. Holt, Reinhart and Winston: 1959.
^ The Wandering Scholars. Constable and Co: London, 1927.
^ "Avicenna", in Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Version 2006". Iranica.com. http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/avicenna-index. Retrieved 2010-01-19.
^ Corbin, Henry; Hossein Nasr and Utman Yahya (2001). History of Islamic Philosophy. Kegan Paul. ISBN 978-0-7103-0416-2.
[edit] Tags:Dark Ages, | |
| Further reading | |
| 2>
Heinrich Fichtenau: Living in the Tenth century: Mentalities and Social Orders (transl. Patrick J. Geary; Chicago cool London: 1991).
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=10th_century&oldid=474318355"
Categories: 1st millennium10th centuryCenturies
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